Human urine was analyzed for nine dialkyl (DAP) and five monoalkyl phosphates (MAP) by LC-MS/MS. Some phosphoric acid esters are industrial chemicals and other hydrolysis products of trialkyl or triaryl phosphates, used as pesticides, flame retardants or plasticizers. Five MAP and two DAP were detected here for the first time in human urine. Monobutyl, diethyl, diphenyl and diethylhexyl phosphate were determined with median concentrations in the μg/L-range. The total urinary concentration of the 14 DAP and MAP summed up to a median of 20μg/L. Inclusion of MAP in future biomonitoring studies should provide a more comprehensive picture of the exposure of humans to organophosphorus compounds.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.01.032 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
A Guide for Mono-Selective N-Methylation, N-Ethylation, and N-n-Propylation of Primary Amines, Amides, and Sulfonamides and Their Applicability in Late-Stage Modification.
Chemistry
May 2024
Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
This review provides a comprehensive overview of mono-alkylation methodologies targeting crucial nitrogen moieties - amines, amides, and sulfonamides - found in organic building blocks and pharmaceuticals. Emphasizing the intersection of chemical precision with drug discovery, the central challenge addressed is achieving one-pot mono-selective short-chain N-alkylations (methylations, ethylations, and n-propylations), preventing undesired overalkylation. Additionally, sustainable, safe, and benign alternatives to traditional alkylating agents, including alcohols, carbon dioxide, carboxylic acids, nitriles, alkyl phosphates, quaternary ammonium salts, and alkyl carbonates, are explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntiviral Activity of Lipophilic Nucleoside Tetraphosphate Compounds.
J Med Chem
February 2024
Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, Hamburg D-20146, Germany.
We report on the synthesis and characterization of three types of nucleoside tetraphosphate derivatives - acting as potential prodrugs of d4T nucleotides: (i) the δ-phosph(on)ate is modified by two alkyl residues and ; (ii) the δ-phosph(on)ate is esterified covalently by one acyloxybenzyl moiety and a moiety and ; or (iii) the δ-phosphate of nucleoside tetraphosphate is masked by two prodrug groups and . We were able to prove the efficient release of d4T triphosphate (d4TTP, (i)), δ-monoalkylated d4T tetraphosphates ( and , (ii)), and d4T tetraphosphate (d4T4P, (iii)), respectively, by chemical or enzymatic processes. Surprisingly, δ-dialkylated d4T tetraphosphates, δ-monoalkylated d4T tetraphosphates, and d4T4P were substrates for HIV-RT.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpontaneous vesicle formation and vesicle-to-α-gel transition in aqueous mixtures of sodium monododecylphosphate and guanidinium salts.
Soft Matter
May 2021
Key Laboratory of Colloid & Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China. and National Engineering Technology Research Center of Colloidal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
Monoalkyl phosphates (MAPs) are one kind of important single-chain weak acid/salt type surfactants, but the understanding of their aggregation behavior in water is very limited due to their insolubility at room temperature. In the current work, the effect of guanidinium salts (GuSalts) on the solubility of sodium monododecylphosphate (SDP), a typical MAP, in water was determined at 25.0 °C, and the aggregation behavior of SDP in the GuSalt/water mixtures was investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCUT Domains Stimulate Pol β Enzymatic Activities to Accelerate Completion of Base Excision Repair.
J Mol Biol
February 2021
Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada; Departments of Biochemistry, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada; Medicine, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada; Oncology, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada. Electronic address:
The full-length CUX1 protein isoform was previously shown to function as an auxiliary factor in base excision repair (BER). Specifically, CUT domains within CUX1 stimulate the enzymatic activities of the OGG1 DNA glycosylase and APE1 endonuclease. Moreover, ectopic expression of CUX1 or CUT domains increased the resistance of cancer cells to treatments that cause oxidative DNA damage and mono-alkylation of bases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhospholipids containing ether-bound hydrocarbon-chains are essential for efficient phagocytosis and neutral lipids of the ester-type perturb development in .
Biol Open
July 2020
Zellbiologie, Universität Kassel, D-34109 Kassel, Germany
Lipids are the building blocks for cellular membranes; they provide signalling molecules for membrane dynamics and serve as energy stores. One path of their synthesis is initiated by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), which in resides on the endoplasmic reticulum. When an excess of fatty acids is present, it redistributes to storage organelles, the lipid droplets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!