The signaling tool box for tyrosine-based costimulation of lymphocytes.

Curr Opin Immunol

Georg August University of Göttingen, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Humboldtallee 34, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.

Published: June 2011

Triggering lymphocyte effector functions is controlled by a diverse array of immune cell coreceptors that dampen or potentiate the primary activation signal from antigen receptors. Attenuation of lymphocyte activation has been shown to be accomplished by immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs that upon phosphorylation recruit protein or lipid phosphatases. By contrast, a general concept of signal amplification and/or diversification is still out. However, the recent discovery of antigen receptor-intrinsic costimulation by membrane-bound immunoglobulins in class-switched memory B cells identified a consensus phosphorylation motif that can boost antigen-induced signal chains and is also employed by costimulatory receptors on T and Natural Killer cells to provide secondary signals for cellular activation. Here we define a common basis of tyrosine-based lymphocyte costimulation comprising immunoglobulin tail tyrosine (ITT)-like phosphorylation motifs and their proximal effectors, growth factor receptor-bound protein (Grb) 2 and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) enzymes of class IA.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2011.01.005DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

signaling tool
4
tool box
4
box tyrosine-based
4
tyrosine-based costimulation
4
costimulation lymphocytes
4
lymphocytes triggering
4
triggering lymphocyte
4
lymphocyte effector
4
effector functions
4
functions controlled
4

Similar Publications

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!