Human milk has been and it is an important means of survival for the human being. The history of the breastfeeding has been linked to the woman's social and cultural situation and it has gone by different vicissitudes. During a long period the breastfeeding was considered as an unsightly unworthy practice and characteristic of low classes, women that had resources nurses used. In the XIX century artificial nursing appears that will be developed significantly starting from half-filled of the following century relegating, again, to a second plane to the natural nursing. With the beginning of the XX century the first rights of the workers appear and among them it is regulated the right for the first time to the permission for nursing. With the advance of the century diverse norms enlarge their content. Arriving to the current moment in which the right enjoys a wide legal recognition inside the norms that regulate the family reconciliation.
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Fungal Syst Evol
December 2024
Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
Species morphologically typical of the genus are phylogenetically diverse, spread throughout . Phylogenetic studies based on DNA sequences have revealed the polyphyletic nature of the morphologically defined genus, the type species forming a clade phylogenetically distinct from all other sequenced species that had been placed in the genus. Some of the phylogenetic clades containing species can be distinguished on the basis of their asexual morphs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMinerva Dent Oral Sci
January 2025
Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, G. Martino University Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Exfoliative cytology has proven to be a valuable diagnostic tool in the early detection of malignant neoplasms. However, its application in the oral cavity has been met with skepticism and limited investigation due to the perception that clinical examination alone is sufficient for early diagnosis. Nonetheless, recent research efforts have focused on the utility of exfoliative cytology in oral cavity neoplasms, motivated by the high mortality rate associated with oral cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Eukaryot Microbiol
January 2025
Ecology and Evolution Group, Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA.
While a longstanding method for identifying dinoflagellates, morphology alone can be inaccurate because of convergent evolution of truly different species toward a particular cellular shape. The dinoflagellate genus Togula is a case in point in that its type species Togula britannica was previously assigned to the genus Amphidinium based on morphology but was recently recognized as an independent genus following phylogenetic characterization. Chemotaxonomy can be a useful tool to complement the characterization of dinoflagellates by phylogeny.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Biol Rep
January 2025
Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 700053, India.
Background: The endangered Kashmir musk deer (Moschus cupreus), native to high-altitude Himalayas, is an ecological significant and endangered ungulate, threatened by habitat loss and poaching for musk pod distributed in western Himalayan ranges of India, Nepal and Afghanistan. Despite its critical conservation status and ecological importance in regulating vegetation dynamics, knowledge gaps persist regarding its population structure and genetic diversity, hindering effective management strategies.
Methods And Results: We aimed to understand the population genetics of Kashmir musk deer in north-western Himalayas using two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) regions and 11 microsatellite loci.
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