Superantigens (SAgs) are virulent polypeptides that are produced by a variety of infectious organisms. They are capable of causing nonspecific T cell activation by circumventing normal antigen processing in the human host. The genetic makeup of the host plays a role in conferring susceptibility or protection against SAgs. They are linked to a variety of conditions, ranging from toxic shock syndrome to recurrent toxin-mediated perineal erythema. The early recognition of signs and symptoms of SAg-mediated illnesses is important to ensure prompt medical treatment.
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Genomic analysis and identification of a novel superantigen, SargEY, in isolated from atopic dermatitis lesions.
mSphere
July 2024
Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- Researchers identified a new species of bacteria related to skin infections in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) by analyzing lesions and conducting genome sequencing.
- The isolated bacteria produce a protein similar to staphylococcal enterotoxin Y (SEY), which activates T cells in a different way than other known superantigens, primarily through the T-cell receptor (TCR) Vα pathway.
- Immunological tests showed that this new protein, called SargEY, can stimulate T-cell proliferation and has the potential to worsen skin conditions in AD patients.
Atopic Dermatitis Disease Complications.
Adv Exp Med Biol
May 2024
Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
This chapter will describe infectious complications of atopic dermatitis, including bacterial, viral, and fungal infections and the evolving understanding of the relationship between atopic dermatitis and infectious disease. The underlying immunological dysregulation and poor skin barrier function associated with atopic dermatitis not only increase the likelihood of infectious complications but also lend atopic dermatitis skin vulnerable to flares induced by environmental triggers. Thus, this chapter will also highlight the impact of common external environmental agents on precipitating flares of disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDry and liquid formulations of IBT-V02, a novel multi-component toxoid vaccine, are effective against isolates from low-to-middle income countries.
Front Immunol
April 2024
Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
is the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in the U.S. as well as more serious invasive diseases, including bacteremia, sepsis, endocarditis, surgical site infections, osteomyelitis, and pneumonia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman Skin T Cells Express Conserved T-Cell Receptors that Cross-React with Staphylococcal Superantigens and CD1a.
J Invest Dermatol
April 2024
Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Electronic address:
Human Langerhans cells highly express CD1a antigen-presenting molecules. To understand the functions of CD1a in human skin, we used CD1a tetramers to capture T cells and determine their effector functions and TCR patterns. Skin T cells from all donors showed CD1a tetramer staining, which in three cases exceeded 10% of skin T cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPast Endemic Izumi Fever or Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infection Reappears Sporadically.
Intern Med
May 2024
Departments of Dermatology, Asahikawa City Hospital, Japan.
Izumi fever (IF), also known as Far East scarlet-like fever (FESLF), is caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and it has clinical features resembling those of Kawasaki disease (KD). As both diseases are rare in adolescents and young adults, it is challenging to recognize them, thus often leading to a delayed diagnosis. We herein present two cases of IF or FESLF (IF/FESLF).
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