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Fear-conditioning mechanisms associated with trait vulnerability to anxiety in humans. | LitMetric

Fear-conditioning mechanisms associated with trait vulnerability to anxiety in humans.

Neuron

Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.

Published: February 2011

AI Article Synopsis

  • * A neuroimaging study revealed two key neurocognitive functions linked to trait anxiety: increased amygdala activity in response to fear cues and reduced recruitment of the ventral prefrontal cortex (vPFC) for fear regulation.
  • * These findings suggest that the amygdala is crucial for developing phobias, while the vPFC plays a role in managing specific fears and generalized anxiety, potentially explaining differences in anxiety disorder symptoms.

Article Abstract

Investigations of fear conditioning in rodents and humans have illuminated the neural mechanisms underlying cued and contextual fear. A critical question is how personality dimensions such as trait anxiety act through these mechanisms to confer vulnerability to anxiety disorders, and whether humans' ability to overcome acquired fears depends on regulatory skills not characterized in animal models. In a neuroimaging study of fear conditioning in humans, we found evidence for two independent dimensions of neurocognitive function associated with trait vulnerability to anxiety. The first entailed increased amygdala responsivity to phasic fear cues. The second involved impoverished ventral prefrontal cortical (vPFC) recruitment to downregulate both cued and contextual fear prior to omission (extinction) of the aversive unconditioned stimulus. These two dimensions may contribute to symptomatology differences across anxiety disorders; the amygdala mechanism affecting the development of phobic fear and the frontal mechanism influencing the maintenance of both specific fears and generalized anxiety.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3047792PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.12.034DOI Listing

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