A girl with recurrent neuroblastoma was successfully treated with second autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT) conditioned with total body irradiation (TBI). This patient was diagnosed as stage IV neuroblastoma at the age of 18 months. Pathological finding was stroma-poor unfavorable histology and amplification of MYCN gene was extremely high (153 copies). In spite of autologous SCT with non-TBI regimen in the status of disease-free, neuroblastoma relapsed at the primary site 6 months later. Second autologous SCT conditioned with TBI and melphalan was performed although the tumor was progressive. Over 3 years after second SCT, she has been well with no evidence of further recurrence of neuroblastoma, but she was complicated with permanent atrophy of left kidney. TBI might be effective for relapsed neuroblastoma who previously received SCT with non-TBI regimen.
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