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Divergence time and environmental similarity predict the strength of morphological convergence in stick and leaf insects.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812.
Independent evolution of similar traits in lineages inhabiting similar environments (convergent or repeated evolution) is often taken as evidence for adaptation by natural selection, and used to illustrate the predictability of evolution. Yet convergence is rarely perfect for two reasons. First, environments may not be as similar as they appear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEfficient Photolysis of Multidrug-Resistant Polymicrobial Biofilms.
Adv Sci (Weinh)
December 2024
Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
Chronic wounds are prone to infections with multidrug-resistant bacteria, forming polymicrobial biofilms that limit treatment options and increase the risk of severe complications. Current cleansing options are insufficient to disrupt and remove tenacious biofilms; antibiotic treatments, on the other hand, often fall short against these biofilm-embedded bacteria. This study explores an non-antibiotic approach that extends beyond conventional porphyrin-based phototherapy by using blue light (BL) in conjunction with ferric ions (Fe(III)) to disrupt and eradicate biofilms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Galactooligosaccharide Administered In Ovo on Hatchability, Chick Quality, Performance, Caecal Histomorphology and Meat Quality Traits of Broiler Chickens.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl)
December 2024
Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology (PBS), Bydgoszcz, Poland.
The presented study explored the promising alternatives of in ovo injection with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP) and galactooligosaccharide (GOS) in the poultry industry. The study aimed to assess the effects of probiotic and prebiotic on various aspects of poultry production. The study involved 300 Ross broiler eggs, individually candled on Day 7 of embryonic development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA 4-year outbreak of MRSA ST72-MRSA-IV type t1597 in a surgical high dependency unit in Ireland linked to repeated healthcare worker recolonisation.
Infect Prev Pract
March 2025
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Background: Patients undergoing cardiac surgery are identified as high risk for infection, including MRSA. An outbreak of MRSA was identified when two patients experienced MRSA infection concurrently in a cardiothoracic high dependency unit with uncommon detection of MRSA previously and an established screening programme.
Methods: An outbreak control team was convened and interventions applied including refresher training in hand and environmental hygiene, review of practice with regard to aseptic access of medical devices and consideration of antibiotic use in the unit.
Genomic patterns in the dwarf kingfishers of northern Melanesia reveal a mechanistic framework explaining the paradox of the great speciators.
Evol Lett
December 2024
Biodiversity Institute and Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.
Article Synopsis
- The paradox of the great speciators describes a conflicting pattern in avian lineages in Oceania that shows broad geographic distributions indicative of strong dispersal, yet also displays significant genetic divergence suggesting limited inter-island movement.
- A study using genomic sequencing of dwarf kingfishers from northern Melanesia found deep genetic divergence and an absence of gene flow between nearby island populations, highlighting the paradox effectively.
- The research proposes a framework based on founder effects and changing selection pressures that explains how diverse traits and environmental factors influence dispersal capabilities, shedding light on the evolutionary dynamics of these bird lineages.
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