[Raman spectra and its application of graphite enclaves in nephrite-jades in Xiuyan, Liaoning].

Xiuyan, Liaoning was an important locality of jade material of the Red Mountain Culture in the Neolithic Age in Chinese history where there are two types of raw material of nephrite jades, namely gravel nephrite jade (Hemo Yu in Chinese) and old nephrite jade (Lao Yu in Chinese). In the present paper, Laser Raman spectrum technique was applied to analyze the graphite enclaves in the nephrite jades of the two types of materials. The results show that the graphite enclaves in the two types of jades have different characteristics of Raman spectra, indicating that they probably were formed under different geological conditions, or originated from different ore-forming periods or were exploited from different section of ore body. Hence, laser Raman spectrum technique could be used as a supplementary measure for nondestructive detection to determine the occurrence of jades.