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Studying Motivation in ADHD: The Role of Internal Motives and the Relevance of Self Determination Theory.
J Atten Disord
June 2022
Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Objective: Motivation is what moves us to act, what engages us in goal-directed behavior. The Self Determination Theory (SDT) is a motivational framework conceptualizing motivation-or internal motives-as a continuum of motivation qualities fueled by satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs Autonomy, Relatedness, and Competence. ADHD has been associated with motivational alterations that contribute to academic difficulties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Monash Autism-ADHD genetics and neurodevelopment (MAGNET) project design and methodologies: a dimensional approach to understanding neurobiological and genetic aetiology.
Mol Autism
August 2021
Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
Background: ASD and ADHD are prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently co-occur and have strong evidence for a degree of shared genetic aetiology. Behavioural and neurocognitive heterogeneity in ASD and ADHD has hampered attempts to map the underlying genetics and neurobiology, predict intervention response, and improve diagnostic accuracy. Moving away from categorical conceptualisations of psychopathology to a dimensional approach is anticipated to facilitate discovery of data-driven clusters and enhance our understanding of the neurobiological and genetic aetiology of these conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHyperactivity in boys with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): the association between deficient behavioral inhibition, attentional processes, and objectively measured activity.
Child Neuropsychol
December 2012
Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-3064, USA.
Contemporary models of ADHD hypothesize that hyperactivity reflects a byproduct of inhibition deficits. The current study investigated the relationship between children's motor activity and behavioral inhibition by experimentally manipulating demands placed on the limited-resource inhibition system. Twenty-two boys (ADHD = 11, TD = 11) between the ages of 8 and 12 years completed a conventional stop-signal task, two choice-task variants (no-tone, ignore-tone), and control tasks while their motor activity was measured objectively by actigraphs placed on their nondominant wrist and ankles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCognition-enhancing doses of methylphenidate preferentially increase prefrontal cortex neuronal responsiveness.
Biol Psychiatry
October 2008
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Background: Despite widespread use of low-dose psychostimulants for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the neural basis for the therapeutic actions of these drugs are not well understood. We recently demonstrated that low-dose methylphenidate (MPH) increases catecholamine efflux preferentially within the prefrontal cortex (PFC), suggesting that the PFC is a principal site of action in the behavioral-calming and cognition-enhancing effects of low-dose psychostimulants. To understand better the neural mechanisms involved in the behavioral actions of low-dose stimulants, this study examined the effects of low-dose MPH on the discharge properties of individual and ensembles of PFC neurons.
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