The calibration of scintillation detectors for gamma radiation in a well characterized setup can be transferred to other geometries using Monte Carlo simulations to account for the differences between the calibration and the other geometry. In this study a calibration facility was used that is constructed from bricks of well-known activity concentrations of ⁴⁰K and of radionuclides from the ²³⁸U- and ²³²Th-series. Transfer of the calibration was attempted to a Marinelli beaker geometry with the detector inside a lead shield and to an in situ application with the detector positioned on a sand bed. In general this resulted in good correspondence (within 5-10%) between the activity concentrations derived using the transferred calibration and activities that were derived by independent measurements. Some discrepancies were identified that were attributed to coincident summing in the natural decay series and interference of radon.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2010.12.001 | DOI Listing |
J Phys Chem Lett
January 2025
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States.
The simulation of non-Markovian quantum dynamics plays an important role in the understanding of charge and exciton dynamics in the condensed phase environment, yet such a simulation remains computationally expensive on classical computers. In this work, we develop a variational quantum algorithm that is capable of simulating non-Markovian quantum dynamics on quantum computers. The algorithm captures the non-Markovian effect by employing the Ehrenfest trajectories and Monte Carlo sampling of their thermal distribution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chem Phys
January 2025
Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 15051, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Oil has become a prevalent global pollutant, stimulating the research to improve the techniques to separate oil from water. Materials with special wetting properties-primarily those that repel water while attracting oil-have been proposed as suitable candidates for this task. However, one limitation in developing efficient substrates is the limited available volume for oil absorption.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Pharmacol
January 2025
Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
Purpose: Rituximab has proven efficacy in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). However, vast majority of children inevitably experience relapse with B-cell repletion, necessitating repeat course of rituximab, which may increase the risk of adverse effects. The timing of additional dosing and optional dosing regimen of rituximab in pediatric patients with INS have yet to be determined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBr J Math Stat Psychol
January 2025
Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Recent technological advancements have enabled the collection of intensive longitudinal data (ILD), consisting of repeated measurements from the same individual. The threshold autoregressive (TAR) model is often used to capture the dynamic outcome process in ILD, with autoregressive parameters varying based on outcome variable levels. For ILD from multiple individuals, multilevel TAR (ML-TAR) models have been proposed, with Bayesian approaches typically used for parameter estimation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: In proton radiotherapy, the steep dose deposition profile near the end of the proton's track, the Bragg peak, ensures a more conformed deposition of dose to the tumor region when compared with conventional radiotherapy while reducing the probability of normal tissue complications. However, uncertainties, as in the proton range, patient geometry, and positioning pose challenges to the precise and secure delivery of the treatment plan (TP). In vivo range determination and dose distribution are pivotal for mitigation of uncertainties, opening the possibility to reduce uncertainty margins and for adaptation of the TP.
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