Upper Triassic rocks in northwestern Argentina preserve the most complete record of dinosaurs before their rise to dominance in the Early Jurassic. Here, we describe a previously unidentified basal theropod, reassess its contemporary Eoraptor as a basal sauropodomorph, divide the faunal record of the Ischigualasto Formation with biozones, and bracket the formation with (40)Ar/(39)Ar ages. Some 230 million years ago in the Late Triassic (mid Carnian), the earliest dinosaurs were the dominant terrestrial carnivores and small herbivores in southwestern Pangaea. The extinction of nondinosaurian herbivores is sequential and is not linked to an increase in dinosaurian diversity, which weakens the predominant scenario for dinosaurian ascendancy as opportunistic replacement.
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The largest sauropodomorph skull from the Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation of China.
PeerJ
December 2024
Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
The Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation of China has long been recognized for its diverse early-diverging sauropodomorph dinosaurs, with eight genera and ten species, representing more than half the Laurasian records. In this paper, we describe a new genus and species of non-sauropodan sauropodomorph, gen. et sp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOverall Survival with Pembrolizumab in Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.
N Engl J Med
November 2024
From the Centre for Experimental Cancer Medicine, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London (P.S.); International Breast Cancer Center, Pangaea Oncology, Quirónsalud Group, and Medical Scientia Innovation Research, Barcelona, and IOB Madrid, Institute of Oncology, Hospital Beata María Ana, and the Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid - all in Spain (J.C.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (R.D.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (H.M.) and Baylor University Medical Center, Texas Oncology, Sarah Cannon Research Institute (J.O.) - both in Dallas; Yale School of Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT (L.P.); the Breast Unit, Department of Gynecology with Breast Center, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen (S.K.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.K.) and the Breast Cancer Center, Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch (M.U.), Berlin, the Institute of Pathology, Philipps University of Marburg and University Hospital Marburg, Marburg (C.D.), the Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich, LMU University Hospital, Munich (N.H.), and University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg, Erlangen (P.A.F.) - all in Germany; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (Y.H.P.), and Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University (S.-A.I.) - both in Seoul, South Korea; Westmead Breast Cancer Institute, Westmead Hospital and the University of Sydney, Sydney (R.H.); the Center of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (R.H.); Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan (M.T.); Centre Jean-Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France (M.-A.M.-R.); the Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, and Breast Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm (T.F.); Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, Porto (M.F.), and the Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon (F.C.) - both in Portugal; and the Department of Oncology, Merck, Rahway, NJ (X.Z., V.K., K.T., G.A.).
Background: In patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer, the phase 3 KEYNOTE-522 trial showed significant improvements in pathological complete response and event-free survival with the addition of pembrolizumab to platinum-containing chemotherapy. Here we report the final results for overall survival.
Methods: We randomly assigned, in a 2:1 ratio, patients with previously untreated stage II or III triple-negative breast cancer to receive neoadjuvant therapy with four cycles of pembrolizumab (at a dose of 200 mg) or placebo every 3 weeks plus paclitaxel and carboplatin, followed by four cycles of pembrolizumab or placebo plus doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide or epirubicin-cyclophosphamide.
Neoadjuvant pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy/adjuvant pembrolizumab for early-stage triple-negative breast cancer: quality-of-life results from the randomized KEYNOTE-522 study.
J Natl Cancer Inst
October 2024
Centre for Experimental Cancer Medicine, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Article Synopsis
- - The KEYNOTE-522 trial studied the effects of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy on patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer, showing improved pathological complete response and event-free survival compared to chemotherapy alone.
- - Patients were randomly assigned to receive either pembrolizumab or placebo alongside chemotherapy, followed by additional pembrolizumab post-surgery; quality of life was measured using specific questionnaires during the treatment phases.
- - Results indicated no significant differences in overall quality of life and emotional/physical functioning between the treatment and placebo groups during the neoadjuvant and adjuvant phases, although some aspects of physical functioning showed minor statistical differences.
Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy Followed by Pembrolizumab in Patients With Early Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.
JAMA Netw Open
November 2023
Centre for Experimental Cancer Medicine, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Article Synopsis
- The KEYNOTE-522 study found that adding pembrolizumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy improved pathologic complete response (pCR) and event-free survival (EFS) in early triple-negative breast cancer cases compared to chemotherapy alone.
- This analysis focused on patients from East/Southeast Asia diagnosed with early-stage, nonmetastatic triple-negative breast cancer, and involved a randomized, double-blind trial design with 1174 participants.
- Patients received either pembrolizumab or a placebo alongside chemotherapy before surgery, with the study's main outcomes being the rates of pCR and EFS after treatment.
Ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase core protein II promotes tumorigenesis by facilitating p53 degradation.
EBioMedicine
February 2019
Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. Electronic address:
Background: Ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase core protein II (QCR2) is essential for mitochondrial functions, yet, its role in cancer development has remained elusive.
Methods: The expression of QCR2 in cancer patients was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The proliferation of cancer cells was assessed by CCK-8 assay, EdU staining and Flow cytometry analysis.
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