The exponential blueshift associated with the event horizon of a black hole makes conformal symmetry play a fundamental role in accounting for its thermal properties. Using a derivation based on two-point functions, we show that the full spectrum of thermal radiation of scalar particles by Kerr black holes can be explicitly derived on the basis of a conformal symmetry arising in the wave equation near the horizon. The simplicity of our approach emphasizes the depth of the connection between conformal symmetry and black hole radiance.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.211305 | DOI Listing |
Molecules
January 2025
Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
Direct methods based on iterative projection algorithms can determine protein crystal structures directly from X-ray diffraction data without prior structural information. However, traditional direct methods often converge to local minima during electron density iteration, leading to reconstruction failure. Here, we present an enhanced direct method incorporating genetic algorithms for electron density modification in real space.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637.
Many proteins form paralogous multimers-molecular complexes in which evolutionarily related proteins are arranged into specific quaternary structures. Little is known about the mechanisms by which they acquired their stoichiometry (the number of total subunits in the complex) and heterospecificity (the preference of subunits for their paralogs rather than other copies of the same protein). Here, we use ancestral protein reconstruction and biochemical experiments to study historical increases in stoichiometry and specificity during the evolution of vertebrate hemoglobin (Hb), an αβ heterotetramer that evolved from a homodimeric ancestor after a gene duplication.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCommun Biol
January 2025
Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
The flagellar MS-ring is the initial template for flagellar assembly and houses the flagellar protein export complex. The MS-ring has three parts of different symmetries within the ring structure by assembly of FliF subunits in two different conformations with distinct arrangements of three ring-building motifs, RBM1, RBM2, and RBM3. However, it remains unknown how these symmetries are generated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Virol
January 2025
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.
Discovered in 1994 in lesions of an AIDS patient, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a member of the gammaherpesvirus subfamily of the family, which contains a total of nine that infect humans. These viruses all contain a large envelope glycoprotein, glycoprotein B (gB), that is required for viral fusion with host cell membrane to initial infection. Although the atomic structures of five other human herpesviruses in their postfusion conformation and one in its prefusion conformation are known, the atomic structure of KSHV gB has not been reported.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun
January 2025
A novel coordination compound, [Co()(HO)], was synthesized from aqueous solutions of Co(NO) and the ligand 2-[(5-methyl-1,3,4-thia-diazol-2-yl)sulfan-yl]acetic acid (H, CHNOS). In the monoclinic crystals (space group 2/), the cobalt(II) ion is located about a centre of symmetry and is octa-hedrally coordinated by two anions in a monodentate fashion through carboxyl O atoms and by four water mol-ecules. A relatively strong hydrogen bond between one of the water mol-ecules and the non-coordinating carboxyl-ate O atom consolidates the conformation.
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