We explore driven lattice gases for the existence of an intensive thermodynamic variable which could determine "equilibration" between two nonequilibrium steady-state systems kept in weak contact. In simulations, we find that these systems satisfy surprisingly simple thermodynamic laws, such as the zeroth law and the fluctuation-response relation between the particle-number fluctuation and the corresponding susceptibility remarkably well. However, at higher densities, small but observable deviations from these laws occur due to nontrivial contact dynamics and the presence of long-range spatial correlations.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.150601 | DOI Listing |
Entropy (Basel)
May 2024
Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 155 A, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
Three approaches for determining the thermodynamic stability of irreversible processes are described in generalized formulations. The simplest is the Gibbs-Duhem theory, specialized to irreversible trajectories, which uses the concept of virtual displacement in the reverse direction. Its only drawback is that even a trajectory leading to an explosion is identified as a thermodynamically stable motion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEntropy (Basel)
October 2023
Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Universita' di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
By employing Tsallis' extensive but non-additive δ-entropy, we formulate the first two laws of thermodynamics for gravitating systems. By invoking Carathéodory's principle, we pay particular attention to the integrating factor for the heat one-form. We show that the latter factorizes into the product of thermal and entropic parts, where the entropic part cannot be reduced to a constant, as is the case in conventional thermodynamics, due to the non-additive nature of Sδ.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev E
September 2023
Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
Ubiquitous thermal conduction makes its force effect particularly important in diverse fields, such as electronic engineering and biochemistry. However, regulating thermal conduction force is still challenging due to two stringent restrictions. First, a temperature gradient is essential for inducing the force effect.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
August 2023
Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.
The mechanism of phenoxyimine (FI)-cobalt-catalyzed C(sp)-C(sp) Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling was studied using a combination of kinetic measurements and catalytic and stoichiometric experiments. A series of dimeric (FI)cobalt(II) bromide complexes, [(4-CFPhFI)CoBr], [(4-OMePhFI)CoBr], and [(2,6-diPrPhFI)CoBr], were isolated and characterized by H and F NMR spectroscopies, solution and solid-state magnetic susceptibility, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY). One complex, [(4-CFPhFI)CoBr], was explored as a single-component precatalyst for C(sp)-C(sp) Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Bioinformatics
June 2023
Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
Background: Reaction networks are widely used as mechanistic models in systems biology to reveal principles of biological systems. Reactions are governed by kinetic laws that describe reaction rates. Selecting the appropriate kinetic laws is difficult for many modelers.
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