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Background: Treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) with catheter ablation (CA) has evolved significantly. However, real-world data on long-term outcomes are limited, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.

Objective: This multicenter prospective cohort of consecutive patients aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of first-time CA for AF in Southern Brazil from 2009 to 2024.

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Background: There is still a significant population of patients with embolic stroke of Undetermined Source (ESUS) whose specific attributable cause of the stroke remains unknown.

Objectives: Our research aimed to assess clinical, electrocardiogram, laboratory, and echocardiographic parameters that may predict the propensity of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF).

Methods: We enrolled seventy-five ESUS patients who were in sinus rhythm at the time of stroke diagnosis to undergo in-hospital 7-day Holter monitoring, testing for Pro-BNP, and a standard echocardiographic examination.

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We present a case of spontaneous hemorrhage in an emphysematous bulla, complicated by anticoagulation. Bullous emphysema is a well-recognized complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a rare manifestation is hemorrhage into preexisting pulmonary bullae. A 69-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with hemoptysis, shortness of breath, and productive cough.

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Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) often coexist and impact morbidity and mortality. There is limited knowledge on the association of AF subtypes with HF according to sex.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore sex-specific associations between AF subtypes and subsequent HF, identifying HF risk factors in participants with AF, and exploring the combined impact on mortality.

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Background: The superior vena cava (SVC) acts as a non-pulmonary vein (PV) trigger for atrial fibrillation (AF) in 2%-6% of patients and harbours 25%-40% of non-PV foci. Approximately 10% of patients with AF have epicardial connections (ECs) between the atrium and PV inside the PV isolation lines, which are associated with AF recurrence. However, the contribution of EC(s) between the SVC and right atrium (RA) to subsequent AF remains unknown.

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