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Risk Factors for Postoperative Infection in Patients After Pilon Fracture Fixation.
J Foot Ankle Surg
January 2025
The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Orthopedic Department, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
The combination of high energy fractures, extensive soft tissue trauma, and high infection rates in pilon fractures of the distal tibia have long challenged surgeons. Despite the ample evidence, there is no consensus regarding the factors that may influence postoperative infections following surgical management of these fractures. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for postoperative infections in patients undergoing surgical management for pilon fractures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDistributed representations of temporally accumulated reward prediction errors in the mouse cortex.
Sci Adv
January 2025
Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
Reward prediction errors (RPEs) quantify the difference between expected and actual rewards, serving to refine future actions. Although reinforcement learning (RL) provides ample theoretical evidence suggesting that the long-term accumulation of these error signals improves learning efficiency, it remains unclear whether the brain uses similar mechanisms. To explore this, we constructed RL-based theoretical models and used multiregional two-photon calcium imaging in the mouse dorsal cortex.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPANoptosis in intestinal epithelium: its significance in inflammatory bowel disease and a potential novel therapeutic target for natural products.
Front Immunol
January 2025
Institute of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Immunity, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, China.
The intestinal epithelium, beyond its role in absorption and digestion, serves as a critical protective mechanical barrier that delineates the luminal contents and the gut microbiota from the lamina propria within resident mucosal immune cells to maintain intestinal homeostasis. The barrier is manifested as a contiguous monolayer of specialized intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), interconnected through tight junctions (TJs). The integrity of this epithelial barrier is of paramount.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRoot microbes can improve plant tolerance to insect damage: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ecology
January 2025
Entomology Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
To limit damage from insect herbivores, plants rely on a blend of defensive mechanisms that includes partnerships with beneficial microbes, particularly those inhabiting roots. While ample evidence exists for microbially mediated resistance responses that directly target insects through changing phytotoxin and volatile profiles, we know surprisingly little about the microbial underpinnings of plant tolerance. Tolerance defenses counteract insect damage via shifts in plant physiology that reallocate resources to fuel compensatory growth, improve photosynthetic efficiency, and reduce oxidative stress.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPerianal angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia mimicking Kaposi sarcoma in a patient living with HIV.
BMJ Case Rep
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Dermatology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
A woman in her 70s with well-controlled HIV on antiretroviral therapy presented with a several-month history of an asymptomatic perianal lesion. Skin examination showed a 0.5-1 cm red-pink, shiny, exophytic papule with visible telangiectasias near the anal verge.
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