Taking advantage of theta-theta scanning (vertical goniometer) sealed and ceramic X-ray tube full-automatic diffractometer, which can be heated and detected at the same time when the temperature is between normal temperature and 1200 degrees C, and X-ray fluorescence, and combining surface feature with character, high tin bronze mirror which had been daubed "tin amalgam" was detected and analyzed. It can prove that phase with Hg will disappear gradually when the sample is heated to the temperature higher than the boiling point of Hg; It indicates that bronze surface cannot be as a proof of "tin amalgam" used whether it contains Hg, moreover, it is not necessary that bronze mirror is covered with "tin amalgam" in terms of application.
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Elife
January 2024
Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.
Ancient DNA research in the past decade has revealed that European population structure changed dramatically in the prehistoric period (14,000-3000 years before present, YBP), reflecting the widespread introduction of Neolithic farmer and Bronze Age Steppe ancestries. However, little is known about how population structure changed from the historical period onward (3000 YBP - present). To address this, we collected whole genomes from 204 individuals from Europe and the Mediterranean, many of which are the first historical period genomes from their region (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
August 2022
Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin.
Ancient DNA has revolutionized our understanding of human population history. However, its potential to examine how rapid cultural evolution to new lifestyles may have driven biological adaptation has not been met, largely due to limited sample sizes. We assembled genome-wide data from 1,291 individuals from Europe over 10,000 years, providing a dataset that is large enough to resolve the timing of selection into the Neolithic, Bronze Age, and Historical periods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStud Hist Philos Sci
August 2022
UC Davis, Classics, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Electronic address:
In contrast to earlier theorists within the Greek optical tradition, who relied almost exclusively on geometrical diagrams to articulate and explain vision, Ptolemy employed several material instruments in his investigation of sight. These included rulers, glass cylinders, mirrors, and a bronze plaque designed to measure angles of incidence and reflection. These devices allowed Ptolemy to expand the operational definition of vision far beyond that of his predecessors, as he explicated several previously unexamined visual behaviors, including binocular vision, diplopia, and refraction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
February 2022
School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
Understanding the rise, spread, and fall of large-scale states in the ancient world has occupied thinkers for millennia. However, no comprehensive mechanistic model of state dynamics based on their insights has emerged, leaving it difficult to evaluate empirically or quantitatively the different explanations offered. Here I present a spatially- and temporally-resolved agent-based model incorporating several hypotheses about the behavior of large-scale (>200 thousand km2) agrarian states and steppe nomadic confederations in Afro-Eurasia between the late Bronze and the end of the Medieval era (1500 BCE to 1500 CE).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Zool
December 2021
Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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