To establish an identification method for the forensic analysis of blue ballpoint ink by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), 95 kinds of blue ballpoint pen from different manufacturers were detected. These blue ballpoint pens were classified into 34 groups according to their metal element components, among which, 26 groups can be directly distinguished according to the types of metal element components contained in the ballpoint pen, the other groups can be distinguished by different element response ratios. Meanwhile the examination result on the papers showed that the papers have no impact on the ink handwriting analysis. Experimental results showed that the method's reproducibility is good and precision is less than 10%. This method has better identification ability than traditional identification technology for questioned document. Eighty eight kinds of blue ballpoint pen out of the total 95 selected kinds can be distinguished with this method. The established method is simple, rapid, with good precision, and almost has no damage to the sample. It is particularly suitable for the demand of identification of blue ballpoint pen in forensic science.
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Forensic Sci Int
November 2024
Aarhus University, Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
Fraudulent activities often involve document manipulation, which poses a significant challenge to forensic science. To address this issue, a novel method was developed that combines intended artificial UV pre-degradation, digital color analysis (DCA) of stroke images, and various machine learning (ML) models. This method can cluster blue ballpoint pen inks and predict their photodegradation time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc
February 2025
Division of Forensic Sciences, Institute of Postgraduate Education, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34700 Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34700 Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address:
This study represents a methodology to determine the falsified documents via a combined method of spectroscopic techniques and chemometrics. The techniques of UV-Vis and FTIR-ATR spectroscopies and principal component analysis methods have been applied to black, blue, and red ballpoint pens available in the Türkiye market. The analysis results of the applied spectroscopic techniques were found to be consistent with each other for the examined eleven ink samples from three different brands, and it was observed that FTIR-ATR spectroscopy had higher discriminative power.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTalanta
August 2024
Aarhus University, Centre for Water Technology, Department of Biology - Microbiology, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. Electronic address:
Despite the rise of digitalization, the scrutiny of paper documents with stamps and signatures remains crucial, constituting 55-60 % of document examination court cases. Developing accessible and robust ink analysis techniques is an ongoing challenge for forensic scientists. To tackle issues related to the identification and classification of dye components in blue ballpoint pens, we have proposed an advanced approach that integrates high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), digital color analysis (DCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) for a simplified yet effective procedure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
September 2023
Departamento de Química, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35017 Las Palmas, Spain.
Determining the approximate dates that written documents were drawn up based on the chemical composition of the ink is not a simple process. It is very demanding in terms of legal requirements. Various studies have succeeded in dating manuscripts by analyzing the temporal evolutions of the concentrations of dyes and solvents in documents based on the original formulations of the ink pens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRSC Adv
August 2022
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Universitas Negeri Padang Jl. Hamka, Air Tawar Padang Indonesia 25132
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