The Epidemiology Unit of NHS Mantua (Italy) used health data from digital archives to study chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the population of the Mantua District. Incidence and prevalence measures were calculated with a focus on dialyzed patients. We estimated the relative risk of CKD as a function of past hospitalizations and evaluated the healthcare consumption of a cohort of incident cases in the 5 years following the diagnosis of CKD. The prevalence of CKD was 2356 cases in 2007, 13% of which treated with dialysis. Dialyzed patients had a mean of 86 treatments per year, amounting to a total of 25,937 treatments. In 2008 we calculated 701 new cases of CKD, 4.5% of which treated with dialysis. Women were older than men at the time of first diagnosis (81 vs 75 years) but the age is increasing in both genders. In the 5 years following diagnosis, outpatient healthcare consumption increased in parallel with a decrease in hospitalizations. A diagnosis of CKD was found to be associated with past hospitalizations for urinary and kidney diseases but also for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. CKD is a major public health concern in terms of mortality, hospitalizations and health spending. The increasing age at diagnosis indicates better treatment of previous CKD-associated diseases such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Hospitalization for these diseases is strongly associated with a future diagnosis of CKD. The results of this study could be interesting for general clinical practice with a view to preventing complications, among which CKD.
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