Prevalence of anemia among preschoolers and response to iron supplementation.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of anemia among children attending public preschools in Ilhabela, state of São Paulo, Brazil, and their response to a treatment regimen.

Methods: Between 2007 and 2008, the weight, height, and hemoglobin levels of 667 children were measured in the school setting. Anemic children were prescribed a 12-week course of ferrous sulfate, and follow-up assessment visits were scheduled for halfway through this course and the end of treatment.

Results: The prevalence of anemia was 25.6% (N = 170). The lowest hemoglobin level measured was 9.5 g/dL. Anemia was most prevalent (36%) in children between the ages of 60 and 65 months. Median hemoglobin levels rose to 11.8 g/dL from 10.5 g/dL after treatment; 76% of children recovered from anemia.

Conclusion: Screening for anemia in the school setting and prompt therapy, including mid-treatment follow-up, proved to be an effective strategy for facing this major public health issue.