Primary bone lymphoma (PBL) is an uncommon tumor accounting for approximately 4-5% of extra nodal lymphoma and less than 1% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Disease may be complicated at presentation by pathological fracture or spinal cord compression. Diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) accounts for the majority of cases of PBL. Owing to its rarity, only a few retrospective studies have been published addressing the prognosis and treatment of primary bone lymphoma. In this paper, we report our experience with two cases of PBL treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy and review literature to elucidate the optimal treatment of primary bone lymphoma.
Background: Osteosarcoma (OS), the most prevalent primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, arises from bone-forming mesenchymal cells. Despite advancements in surgical resection and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (cisplatin, doxorubicin, and methotrexate), chemotherapy resistance remains a significant challenge, leading to poor survival rates in patients with metastatic or recurrent OS.
Methods: In this study, we focused on the role of OTULIN, a key linear deubiquitinating enzyme, in OS chemoresistance.
Aims: To assess the feasibility of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of zoledronic acid (ZA) as adjuvant therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).
Methods: In this 1-year, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study, nAMD patients were allocated 1:1 to receive intravenous ZA 5 mg or placebo at baseline and after 6 months in addition to intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy following a treat-and-extend regimen. Bevacizumab was the first-line anti-VEGF drug, but eyes with refractory nAMD were switched to aflibercept.
Aim: There remain limited therapies to treat thyroid eye disease (TED) orbital fibrosis, highlighting the urgency to develop novel targets. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation from orbital fibroblasts are important pathogenetic factor of TED. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may play a role in TED pathogenesis since it has been linked to liver, kidney, heart and lung fibrotic remodelling.
Background: Sarcomatoid carcinomas (SC) are rare tumors with both epithelial and mesenchymal characteristics, linked to aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. Sarcomatoid carcinoma of unknown primary (SCUP) is an exceedingly rare subset with limited literature and no standardized management guidelines. This study aims to characterize the clinical presentations, treatment patterns, and genomic landscape of SCUP.
This paper presents a comprehensive and updated overview of inborn errors of immunity (IEIs), focusing on the optimal treatment strategies. IEIs or primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are a heterogeneous group of approximately 500 disorders, classified into ten categories according to the affected component of the immune system. The clinical presentation varies, based on the type of the disorder and the patient's age.
