AI Article Synopsis
- The astrocytic glutamate transporters GLAST/EAAT1 and GLT-1/EAAT2 play a vital role in clearing glutamate from the brain and preventing toxicity.
- A study showed that maslinic acid, derived from the olive plant, enhances neuron survival in toxic glutamate environments by boosting these transporters' expression.
- The neuroprotective effects of maslinic acid were found to depend on the increased activity of glutamate transporters, as blocking them eliminated the protective benefits.
Article Abstract
The astrocytic glutamate transporters GLAST/EAAT1 and GLT-1/EAAT2 are crucial for the removal of glutamate from the synaptic cleft and are essential for maintaining a low concentration of extracellular glutamate in the brain. Enhanced transporter expression is neuroprotective. In the present study, we tested the neuropotective effects of maslinic acid, a natural product from the Olea europaea plant, on cultures of primary neurons from the cerebral cortex. Studies showed that astrocyte-conditioned medium from maslinic acid-treated astrocytes dose-dependently promoted neuron survival during glutamate toxicity by enhancing extracellular glutamate clearance. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis revealed that maslinic acid pre-treatment significantly increased the expression of GLAST and GLT-1 at the protein and mRNA levels. In addition, this neuroprotection was abolished by the glutamate transporter inhibitor, L-Threohydroxy aspartate (THA), in a co-culture of astrocytes and neurons. These findings suggest that maslinic acid regulates the extracellular glutamate concentration by increasing the expression of astrocytic glutamate transporters, which may, in turn, provide neuroprotection.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.095 | DOI Listing |
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