Nationwide one-decade survey of hip fractures in Japan.

Background: To elucidate the characteristics of hip fractures and the current status of their treatment in Japan, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) conducted a nationwide hip fracture survey from 1998 to the present. The aim of the current report was to present the changes in patient distribution by age and fracture type, cause of fracture, treatment selection, and duration of hospitalization for a study period of one decade.

Methods: A tally of all hip fractures that occurred in patients between 2001 and 2008 was conducted in JOA-authorized hospitals and in Japanese Clinical Orthopaedic Association (JCOA) hospitals. Registration forms were sent to these hospitals each year, and registration was performed based on their hospital records.

Results: The mean response rate was 51.8%, and the total number of patients aged ≥35 with new hip fractures between 2001 and 2008 was 402 760. A drastic increase in the number of patients, especially those aged ≥90 was observed over the course of the decade. More trochanteric fractures occurred than neck fractures during the observational period; however, the neck/trochanter ratio increased over time. Simple falls were the most common cause of fracture. About 94% patients were treated surgically with about a 5-day presurgical hospital stay, and the mean hospitalization period was 40.7 days in 2008.

Conclusions: This one-decade survey demonstrated a drastic increase in the number of patients over the course of the decade in Japan. Appropriate treatment and prevention of hip fractures, including the treatment of osteoporosis and more effective interventions for preventing falls, are important issues to address to reduce the burden of this fracture.