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Article Synopsis
  • Invasive fungal diseases (IFD) caused by non-Aspergillus moulds are a serious risk for patients with cancer or those who have undergone stem cell transplants, leading to high mortality rates.
  • Diagnosis mainly relies on tissue biopsies and cultures, but newer molecular methods are becoming more common; disseminated infections require thorough blood tests and skin examinations.
  • Treatment involves a team approach including surgery, management of underlying conditions, host response enhancement, and tailored antifungal therapies, with ongoing research aimed at developing new antifungal agents and improving diagnosis to enhance outcomes.
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First reported case of disseminated infection in a lung transplant patient.

IDCases

October 2020

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Ave, MSC 908, Charleston, 29425-9080 SC, United States.

is a specie of the genus in the family of and has been isolated from lung. It has never been reported as the cause of disseminated infection in humans. Herein, we report a fatal case of disseminated infection in a 65-year-old man with a history of primary idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, status-post bilateral lung transplant.

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Non-Aspergillus Hyaline Molds: Emerging Causes of Sino-Pulmonary Fungal Infections and Other Invasive Mycoses.

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

February 2020

Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Microbiology & Immunology, Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.

Hyaline molds, widely distributed in nature, are an important and increasing cause of invasive fungal infections in humans, likely due to an expanding population of immunosuppressed hosts, increases in antifungal resistance, and improvements in laboratory diagnostics. Sinopulmonary disease and disseminated infection are common manifestations in neutropenic patients and transplant recipients, whereas, catheter-related and localized soft tissue infections predominate in immunocompetent hosts. These organisms are not reliably differentiated based on their morphology in tissue; rather, efforts should be made to establish a microbiologic diagnosis via culture or molecular-based methods to guide antifungal management and inform prognosis.

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Scopulariopsis is a common fungus in the environment, characterized by its intrinsic resistance to the available antifungal drugs. Around 70 cases of infection by this fungus have been described in the literature. Pulmonary and disseminated infections are the most common and their treatment is difficult; therefore, very diverse approaches have been taken, with varied results.

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Invasive fungal diseases are increasing issues in modern medicine, where the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic and the wider use of immunosuppressive drugs generate an ever-growing number of immunocompromised patients with an increased susceptibility to uncommon fungal pathogens. In the past decade, new species have been reported as being responsible for disseminated and invasive fungal diseases in humans. Among them, the following genera are rare but seem emerging issues: Scopulariopsis, Hormographiella, Emergomyces, Westerdykella, Trametes, Actinomucor, Saksenaea, Apophysomyces, and Rhytidhysteron.

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