Objective: Previous research examining the relationships among glycemic index, glycemic load, and the metabolic syndrome has resulted in inconsistent findings. The objective of this study was to examine whether glycemic index and glycemic load are associated with prevalent metabolic syndrome and its components after adjustment for cardiorespiratory fitness, an objective measure of physical activity habitus.
Design: Cross-sectional study.
Subjects/setting: Women (n=1,775) and men (n=9,137) who completed a comprehensive medical examination between October 1987 and March 1999, including maximal treadmill exercise test and 3-day dietary records at the Cooper Clinic, Dallas, TX.
Main Outcome Measures: Metabolic syndrome and its components, defined by the revised Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.
Statistical Analysis: Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate sex-specific odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to evaluate the associations among glycemic index, glycemic load, and prevalent metabolic syndrome and its components, while adjusting for potential confounding variables.
Results: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 24% in men and 9% in women. A positive association across quintiles of glycemic index and metabolic syndrome, elevated triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in men was observed in the fully adjusted model (P for trend<0.05). In women, glycemic index was positively associated with large waist girth, low HDL-C, and elevated triglycerides (P for trend<0.05 for all) after multivariate adjustment including cardiorespiratory fitness. Glycemic load was positively associated with elevated triglycerides and low HDL-C (P for trend<0.0001) and inversely associated with prevalence of large waist girth and elevated glucose (P for trend<0.0001) in men. Among women, glycemic load was positively associated with elevated triglycerides (P for trend=0.04) and low HDL-C (P for trend<0.0001) in the multivariate model including cardiorespiratory fitness.
Conclusions: A lifestyle that includes a low glycemic diet can improve metabolic risk profiles in men and women. Prospective studies examining glycemic index, glycemic load, and metabolic syndrome that control for cardiorespiratory fitness are needed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2010.09.016 | DOI Listing |
J Diabetes Investig
December 2024
Diabetes Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
Objective: To explore and validate the association between the oxidative balance and prevalence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and mortality in patients with diabetes.
Study Design: A large and representative sample from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2013 to 2016 was analyzed to study the potential association between Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) and prognosis of DKD in adult diabetic patients. Weighted multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between OBS and DKD risk.
JAMA Netw Open
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
Importance: Short sleep duration during pregnancy and the perimenopausal period has been associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. However, it remains unclear how sleep duration changes after delivery and whether such changes are associated with the cardiometabolic health of birthing people.
Objective: To investigate whether persistently short sleep during pregnancy and after delivery is associated with incident hypertension and metabolic syndrome.
JMIR Cancer
December 2024
Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.
Background: Many childhood cancer survivors (CCS) develop treatment-related late effects, including an increased risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome. A healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk of associated comorbidities. Therefore, at-risk CCS could benefit from lifestyle counseling during regular long-term follow-up (LTFU).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCirculation
January 2025
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute; and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (L.S.S.).
There is a new awareness of the widespread nature of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its connection to cardiovascular disease (CVD). This has catalyzed collaboration between cardiologists, hepatologists, endocrinologists, and the wider multidisciplinary team to address the need for earlier identification of those with MASLD who are at increased risk for CVD. The overlap in the pathophysiologic processes and parallel prevalence of CVD, metabolic syndrome, and MASLD highlight the multisystem consequences of poor cardiovascular-liver-metabolic health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Intern Med
December 2024
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain.
Background: Large-scale trials evaluating a multicomponent lifestyle intervention aimed at weight loss on kidney function are lacking.
Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of the "PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea-Plus" (PREDIMED-Plus) randomized controlled trial, including patients with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome, measured cystatin C and creatinine. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to an intensive weight loss lifestyle intervention (intervention group [IG]) consisting of an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), physical activity promotion and behavioral support, or a control group (CG) receiving ad libitum MedDiet recommendations.
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