Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is secreted mainly by the intestine in a nutrient-dependent manner and stimulates glucose-induced insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying, food intake, and glucagon secretion. All these beneficial effects make GLP-1 as a promising, and currently in the market, drug candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. More recently, it has been also demonstrated that within the central nervous system, GLP-1 also exerts important metabolic actions inhibiting food intake, increasing insulin secretion, and modulating behavioral responses. In this review, we will focus on the metabolic actions and mechanisms of the central GLP-1 system: modulation of energy intake, glucose metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism.
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Weight loss therapy and addiction: increased risk after bariatric surgery but reduced risk with GLP-1 receptor agonists.
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Incretin-based treatments, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists (eg liraglutide and semaglutide), have rapidly transformed obesity treatment. The well-documented weight loss effect from these agents is considered to be primarily a result of their actions on food intake, but frequent anecdotal reports from varied sources have suggested that they might also broadly affect consummatory behavior, including alcohol and drugs of abuse, suggesting a potential modulatory effect on reward behavior. Herein, we critically review the extant literature on the behavioral effects of GLP-1R agonists in humans, including their impact on feeding behavior, alcohol/drug intake, and overall reward response.
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