We discuss the anatomic and pathophysiological patterns of preterm and term newborn. Particular attention is directed to technical artefacts relating to the interpretation of chest radiography. We analyze the reading of chest X-Ray of preterm with low birth weight and poor lung maturation. Are also taken into account X-Ray features relating to alveolar "recruitment" and radiographic changes after surfactant's administration. We highlight the most important paintings of bruncopulmonary dysplasia and its evolution. The most frequent neonatal pulmonary inflammation and thoraco-pulmonary malformation, that may affect more the neonatologist, are mentioned. We discuss the new diagnostic approach with non invasive techniques (ultrasound) in the neonatal distress. Some easily recognizable congenital heart disease are finally describes.
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