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Recognition and cleavage of human tRNA methyltransferase TRMT1 by the SARS-CoV-2 main protease.
Elife
January 2025
Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, United States.
The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M or Nsp5) is critical for production of viral proteins during infection and, like many viral proteases, also targets host proteins to subvert their cellular functions. Here, we show that the human tRNA methyltransferase TRMT1 is recognized and cleaved by SARS-CoV-2 M. TRMT1 installs the ,-dimethylguanosine (m2,2G) modification on mammalian tRNAs, which promotes cellular protein synthesis and redox homeostasis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdaptive loss of tRNA gene expression leads to phage resistance in a marine Synechococcus cyanobacterium.
Nat Microbiol
January 2025
Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
Synechococcus is a significant primary producer in the oceans, coexisting with cyanophages, which are important agents of mortality. Bacterial resistance against phage infection is a topic of significant interest, yet little is known for ecologically relevant systems. Here we use exogenous gene expression and gene disruption to investigate mechanisms underlying intracellular resistance of marine Synechococcus WH5701 to the Syn9 cyanophage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhole genome and transcriptome analyses in dairy goats identify genetic markers associated with high milk yield.
Int J Biol Macromol
December 2024
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China. Electronic address:
Milk production is the most important economic trait of dairy goats and a key indicator for genetic improvement and breeding. However, milk yield is a complex phenotypic trait, and its genetic mechanisms are still not fully understood. This study focuses on dairy goats and non-dairy goats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFtRNA modifications: greasing the wheels of translation and beyond.
RNA Biol
December 2025
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is one of the most abundant RNA types in cells, acting as an adaptor to bridge the genetic information in mRNAs with the amino acid sequence in proteins. Both tRNAs and small fragments processed from them play many nonconventional roles in addition to translation. tRNA molecules undergo various types of chemical modifications to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of translation and regulate their diverse functions beyond translation.
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