Crumpling occurs when a thin deformable sheet is crushed under an external load or grows within a confining geometry. Crumpled sheets have large resistance to compression and their elastic energy is focused into a complex network of localized structures. Different aspects of crumpling have been studied theoretically, experimentally and numerically. However, very little is known about the dynamic evolution of three-dimensional spatial configurations of crumpling sheets. Here we present direct measurements of the configurations of a fully elastic sheet evolving during the dynamic process of crumpling under isotropic confinement. We observe the formation of a network of ridges and vertices into which the energy is localized. The network is dynamic. Its evolution involves movements of ridges and vertices. Although the characteristics of ridges agree with theoretical predictions, the measured accumulation of elastic energy within the entire sheet is considerably slower than predicted. This could be a result of the observed network rearrangement during crumpling.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat2893 | DOI Listing |
Langmuir
January 2025
Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
Colloidal gels, ubiquitous in industrial applications, can undergo reversible solid-to-liquid transitions. Recent work demonstrates that adding surface roughness to primary particles enhances the toughness and influences the self-healing properties of colloidal gels. In the present work, we first use colloidal probe atomic force microscopy (CP-AFM) to assess the quantitative changes in adhesive and frictional forces between thermoresponsive particles as a function of their roughness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Chem A
January 2025
Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19044, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
In this work, we report elastic integral, differential, and momentum-transfer cross sections for the scattering of low-energy electrons by salicylic acid. The cross sections were calculated with the Schwinger multichannel method implemented with norm-conserving pseudopotential within the static-exchange and static-exchange plus polarization (SEP) approximations for energies up to 15 eV. In the SEP approximation, four π* resonances were found at around 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoft Matter
January 2025
Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany.
Field-induced microstructure evolution can play an important role in defining the coupled magneto-mechanical response of Magneto-Active Elastomers (MAEs). The behavior of these materials is classically modeled using mechanical, magnetic and coupled magneto-mechanical contributions to their free energy function. If the MAE sample is fully clamped so it cannot deform, the mechanical coupling is reduced to the internal microscopic deformations caused by the particles moving and deforming the elastic medium that surrounds them.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
January 2025
Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China.
The unsatisfactory ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolytes hinders their practical use as substitutes for liquid electrolytes to address safety concerns. Although various plasticizers have been introduced to improve lithium-ion conduction kinetics, the lack of microenvironment understanding impedes the rational design of high-performance polymer electrolytes. Here, we design a class of Hofmann complexes that offer continuous two-dimensional lithium-ion conduction channels with functional ligands, creating highly conductive electrolytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
January 2025
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers (CLCEs) hold great promise for mechanochromic applications in anti-counterfeiting, smart textiles, and soft robotics, thanks to the structural color and elasticity. While CLCEs are printed via direct ink writing (DIW) to fabricate free-standing films, complex 3D structures are not fabricated due to the opposing rheological properties necessary for cholesteric alignment and multilayer stacking. Here, 3D CLCE structures are realized by utilizing coaxial DIW to print a CLC ink within a silicone ink.
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