This purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of Paragraph IV patent infringement decisions on brand drug pharmaceutical firms. Paragraph IV decisions determine whether a generic firm can enter before the period of exclusivity ends. I construct a novel dataset of all Paragraph IV decisions and find that they disproportionately involve the highest revenue drugs, significant periods of patent protection, and a non-trivial portion of all brand drugs facing generic entry. I also estimate the impact of Paragraph IV decisions on brand firm profitability and find they have large value consequences.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2010.09.004 | DOI Listing |
J Speech Lang Hear Res
January 2025
Center for Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
Purpose: The Daily Phonotrauma Index (DPI) can quantify pathophysiological mechanisms associated with daily voice use in individuals with phonotraumatic vocal hyperfunction (PVH). Since DPI was developed based on weeklong ambulatory voice monitoring, this study investigated if DPI can achieve comparable performance using (a) short laboratory speech tasks and (b) fewer than 7 days of ambulatory data.
Method: An ambulatory voice monitoring system recorded the vocal function/behavior of 134 females with PVH and vocally healthy matched controls in two different conditions.
BMC Health Serv Res
November 2024
Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Industrial Engineering and Management, Uppsala University, Ångströmlaboratoriet, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala, 752 37, Sweden.
Background: Three-dimensional (3D) printing produces objects by adding layers of material rather than mechanically reducing material. This production technology has several advantages and has been used in various medical fields to, for instance, improve the planning of complicated operations, customize medical devices, and enhance medical education. However, few existing studies focus on the adoption and the aspects that could influence or hinder the adoption of 3D printing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: The COVID-19 pandemic generated overflow of healthcare systems in several countries. As the ethical debates focused on prioritisation for access to care with scarce medical resources, numerous recommendations were created. Late 2021, the emergence of the Omicron variant whose transmissibility was identified but whose vaccine sensitivity was still unknown, reactivated debates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Public Health
November 2024
School of Nursing, Dongyang University, Yeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
Purpose: This study was aimed to build a prediction model to identify high-risk groups for overweight or obesity among Korean men in their 30s and 40s.
Methods: This study analyzed data from 28,388 men aged 30-40 years, gathered in the 2022 Community Health Survey. Participants were categorized into two groups based on BMI: underweight/normal weight group and overweight/obese group.
JAMA Netw Open
November 2024
The Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Importance: Marginalized populations have lower levels of clinical trial representation than other populations. Tailoring recruitment materials and providing incentives may improve representation.
Objective: To determine whether culturally tailored video improves parents' decision to enroll (DTE) Black children in a research registry.
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