This paper aims to contribute to the debate on the feasibility of the provision of micro flood insurance as an effective tool for spreading disaster risks in developing countries and examines the role of the institutional-organisational framework in assisting the design and implementation of such a micro flood insurance market. In Bangladesh, a private insurance market for property damage and livelihood risk due to natural disasters does not exist. Private insurance companies are reluctant to embark on an evidently unprofitable venture. Testing two different institutional-organisational models, this research reveals that the administration costs of micro-insurance play an important part in determining the long-term viability of micro flood insurance schemes. A government-facilitated process to overcome the differences observed in this study between the nonprofit micro-credit providers and profit-oriented private insurance companies is needed, building on the particular competence each party brings to the development of a viable micro flood insurance market through a public-private partnership.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2010.01218.x | DOI Listing |
Polymers (Basel)
December 2024
Key Laboratory for Enhanced Oil & Gas Recovery of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China.
In the process of oilfield development, the surfactant-polymer (SP) composite system has shown significant effects in enhancing oil recovery (EOR) due to its excellent interfacial activity and viscoelastic properties. However, with the continuous increase in the volume of composite flooding injection, a decline in injection-production capacity (I/P capacity) has been observed. Through the observation of frozen core slices, it was found that during the secondary composite flooding (SCF) process, a large amount of residual oil in the form of intergranular adsorption remained in the core pores.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Ahvaz Faculty of Petroleum, Petroleum University of Technology, Ahvaz, Iran.
Smart water injection (SWI) is a practical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique that improves displacement efficiency on micro and macro scales by different physiochemical mechanisms. However, the development of a reliable smart tool to predict oil recovery factors is necessary to reduce the challenges related to experimental procedures. These challenges include the cost and complexity of experimental equipment and time-consuming experimental methods for obtaining the recovery factor (RF).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Omega
December 2024
School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China.
Understanding the dynamic characterization of the CO miscible flooding process in low permeability reservoirs and its mechanism for oil recovery enhancement is crucial for controlling CO miscible flooding sweep efficiency and further enhancing oil recovery. This study was conducted in a low permeability reservoir in Jilin, China, using both online nuclear magnetic resonance CO miscible flooding and long-core CO miscible flooding experiments. A refined dynamic characterization of the CO miscible flooding process from the macroscopic core scale to the microscopic pore scale was achieved through multiple spatial online nuclear magnetic resonance testing methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
January 2025
School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.
Waterborne contaminants pose a significant risk to water quality and plant health in agricultural systems. This is particularly the case for relatively small-scale but intensive agricultural operations such as plant production nurseries that often rely on recycled irrigation water. The increasing global demand for plants requires improved water quality and more certainty around water availability, which may be difficult to predict and deliver due to variable and changing climate regimes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
January 2025
MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. Electronic address:
Reclamation is crucial for improving the fertility and productivity of saline-alkali soils, but the evolution of soil bacterial communities during the course of reclamation, which is an important feedback of soil micro-ecosystem, has received little attention. This study was conducted to investigate the variation of bacterial community diversity and composition in reclaimed saline-alkali soils based on space-for-time substitution, elucidate the underlying ecological mechanisms of bacterial community assembly processes, and identify the key driving factors of bacterial community evolution. The soil bacterial communities in undeveloped saline-alkali land and farmlands with different reclamation history (1-4, 5-6, and 10-25 years) in the Yellow River Delta, China, was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.
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