Clinical applications of stem cell therapy for regenerating the heart.

An immediate reperfusion therapy after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a prerequisite to prevent further cardiac damage and minimize ventricular remodelling. Although a rigorous and sophisticated set of therapeutic procedure has been applied in the disease management, mortality rate has yet unchanged during the last twenty years. This fact necessitates an alternative or adjuvant therapy that is critically safe and capable of repairing the injured vascular as well as regenerating the infarcted myocardium without omitting the ethical considerations. Stem cell therapy could be the answer. It has gained major basic and clinical research interest, ever since its discovered potential to repair the injured vascular in 1997. Multiple cell types across lineages have been shown to be able to transdifferentiate into mature functioning cardiomyocytes either in vitro through similar phenotypical and genotypical characteristics or in vivo by regenerating the infarcted myocardium and improve contractile function. Although the exact repairing mechanisms are still in a major debate, numerous clinical trials have demonstrated favorable effects toward the use of autologous stem cells in AMI patients with considerably low side effects. Despite the relatively novel discovery, stem cell therapy offers a promising prospect to confer a better protection, prevent later complications, and perhaps reduce the mortality among patients with ischemic heart disease. This ultimate outcome would likely be achieved through a stringent and coordinated of either basic and clinical research.