The first 'International Classification of Headache Disorders' by The International Headache Society (1988) was a major landmark document. It helped develop a common language for understanding headaches and advanced research in this neglected field. It was found to be useful, but because it was complex and cumbersome, it remained underutilised in practice. An evidence-based revised second edition was launched in 2004. This article analyses the Contributions and Limitations of this Classification. The important changes that pertain to 'Migraine' in the revised 2004 Classification have been listed. It is hoped that this Classification will be used more often in practice not only by Neurologists but by all who see headache patients in their routine practice.
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Neurology
February 2025
Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
Background And Objectives: The Chordate System administers kinetic oscillation stimulation (K.O.S) into the nasal cavity thereby potentially modulating the activity of trigemino-autonomic reflex.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrob Pathog
February 2025
Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India. Electronic address:
Background: Scrub typhus is a significant cause of Acute Febrile Illness in India and presents a range of clinical manifestations influenced by the genotypes of the causative agent, Orientia tsutsugamushi. Understanding the distribution of these genotypes is crucial for public health planning, diagnostic accuracy, and vaccine development.
Methods: In this systematic review, we analyzed 18 studies from an initial pool of 2013 records identified through database searches following PRISMA guidelines.
(1) Background: Buffaloes are crucial livestock species for food and service in tropical and subtropical regions. Buffalo genetics, particularly in indigenous Chinese breeds such as the Xiangxi white buffalo (XWB), remains an intriguing area of study due to its unique traits and regional significance. (2) Methods: This investigation utilized the whole-genome sequences of twenty XWBs (newly sequenced), along with eighty published whole-genome sequences of other buffalo breeds (including Guizhou white buffalo, river buffalo, and Chinese buffalo in the Yangtze River).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCephalalgia
November 2024
Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
PeerJ
September 2024
College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China.
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