The present study conducted an in vitro evaluation of the presence of apical deviation on the root canal preparation of the mesiobuccal roots of human maxillary molars employing automated handpieces with continuous motion, the Pow R system (Moyco Union Broach), and alternate motion, the M4 system (Kerr). Analysis of the presence of apical deviation was carried out by means of radiographs obtained on a radiographic desk fabricated for the study. The results demonstrated the lack of statistically significant differences between the two systems as to the evaluation of the presence of apical deviation. There was no correlation between the degree of curvature of the roots and the degree of apical deviation for the continuous motion system. However, there was a statistic difference for the alternate motion system, with a direct correlation of moderate degree.
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