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Emergence and evolution of heterocyte glycolipid biosynthesis enabled specialized nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
February 2025
Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Den Burg 1790 AB, The Netherlands.
Heterocytes, specialized cells for nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria, are surrounded by heterocyte glycolipids (HGs), which contribute to protection of the nitrogenase enzyme from oxygen. Diverse HGs preserve in the sediment and have been widely used as evidence of past nitrogen fixation, and structural variation has been suggested to preserve taxonomic information and reflect paleoenvironmental conditions. Here, by comprehensive HG identification and screening of HG biosynthetic gene clusters throughout cyanobacteria, we reconstruct the convergent evolutionary history of HG structure, in which different clades produce the same HGs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMinimization of the Bacillus subtilis divisome suggests FtsZ and SepF can form an active Z-ring, and reveals the amino acid transporter BraB as a new cell division influencing factor.
PLoS Genet
January 2025
Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom.
Bacterial cytokinesis begins with polymerization of the tubulin homologue FtsZ into a ring-like structure at midcell, the Z-ring, which recruits the late cell division proteins that synthesize the division septum. Assembly of FtsZ is carefully regulated and supported by a dozen conserved cell division proteins. Generally, these proteins are not essential, but removing more than one is in many cases lethal.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIdentification and validation of key autophagy-related genes in lupus nephritis by bioinformatics and machine learning.
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, P.R. China.
Introduction: Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most frequent and serious organic manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Autophagy, a new form of programmed cell death, has been implicated in a variety of renal diseases, but the relationship between autophagy and LN remains unelucidated.
Methods: We analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in kidney tissues from 14 LN patients and 7 normal controls using the GSE112943 dataset.
"Energetics of the outer retina II: Calculation of a spatio-temporal energy budget in retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor cells based on quantification of cellular processes".
PLoS One
January 2025
UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
The outer retina (OR) is highly energy demanding. Impaired energy metabolism combined with high demands are expected to cause energy insufficiencies that make the OR susceptible to complex blinding diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here, anatomical, physiological and quantitative molecular data were used to calculate the ATP expenditure of the main energy-consuming processes in three cell types of the OR for the night and two different periods during the day.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFullerenes are statically pleasant species featuring symmetric cages, which can be modified upon reduction. Here, we theoretically account for the variation of 13C-NMR patterns in C60 and C70 upon six-fold reduction and the overall variation of the enabled shielding/deshielding regions induced by π and σ electrons according to different orientations of the external field and the related anisotropy. Our results show a significant modification of the chemical shift given by the main variation of the σ33 (or δ33) shielding component under the principal axis system (PAS) of the chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) at the representative carbon nucleus.
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