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Rapid detection of Pan-Avian Influenza Virus and H5, H7, H9 subtypes of Avian Influenza Virus using CRISPR/Cas13a and lateral flow assay.

Poult Sci

December 2024

Guangdong Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. Electronic address:

Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) has been prevalent worldwide in recent years, resulting in substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. More importantly, AIV is capable of cross-species transmission among mammals, posing a dormant yet considerable threat to human health and safety. In this study, two rapid detection methods for AIV based on the CRISPR-Cas13a were developed.

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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infections in Humans.

N Engl J Med

December 2024

From the Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (S.G., K.R., A.C., K.K., C.T.D., M.K.K., S. Ellington, A.M.M., A.B., J.R.B., M.B., M.A.J., M.R.-C., E.B., T.T.S., T.M.U., V.G.D., C.R., S.J.O.); California Department of Public Health, Richmond (E.L.M., S.Z., V.K., D.A.W.); the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (S.Z., C.D.); Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver (C.D., A.K., M.O.); Mid-Michigan District Health Department, Stanton (J.M.); Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing (S. Eckel); Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Jefferson City (J.G., G.T.); Benton-Franklin Health District, Kennewick, WA (S.K.); Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (A.U.); and Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin (E.R.G., C.A.H.).

Background: Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses have caused widespread infections in dairy cows and poultry in the United States, with sporadic human cases. We describe characteristics of human A(H5N1) cases identified from March through October 2024 in the United States.

Methods: We analyzed data from persons with laboratory-confirmed A(H5N1) virus infection using a standardized case-report form linked to laboratory results from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention influenza A/H5 subtyping kit.

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Influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are acute respiratory infections (ARIs) that can cause substantial morbidity and mortality among at-risk individuals, including older adults. In this narrative review, we summarize themes identified in the literature regarding the epidemiology, seasonality, immunity after infection, clinical presentation, and transmission for these ARIs, along with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on seasonal patterns of influenza and RSV infections, with consideration of data specific to older adults when available. As the older adult population increases globally, it is of paramount importance to fully characterize the true disease burden of ARIs in order to develop appropriate mitigation strategies to minimize their impact in vulnerable populations.

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Vaccination represents a core preventive strategy for public health, with interrelated and multifaceted effects across health and socioeconomic domains. Beyond immediate disease prevention, immunization positively influences downstream health outcomes by mitigating complications of preexisting comorbidities and promoting healthy aging. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are common respiratory viruses responsible for broad societal cost and substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly among at-risk individuals, including older adults and people with frailty or certain comorbid conditions.

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Respiratory interventions including noninvasive ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure and high-flow nasal oxygen generated infectious aerosols may increase risk of airborne disease (SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus) transmission to healthcare workers. We developed and tested a prototype portable UV-C device to sterilize high flows of viral-contaminated air from a simulated patient source at airflow rates of up to 100 l/m. Our device consisted of a central quartz tube surrounded 6 high-output UV-C lamps, within a larger cylinder allowing recirculation past the UV-C lamps a second time before exiting the device.

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