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Navigating cross-reactivity and host species effects in a serological assay: A case study of the microscopic agglutination test for Leptospira serology.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis
October 2024
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Background: Serology (the detection of antibodies formed by the host against an infecting pathogen) is frequently used to assess current infections and past exposure to specific pathogens. However, the presence of cross-reactivity among host antibodies in serological data makes it challenging to interpret the patterns and draw reliable conclusions about the infecting pathogen or strain.
Methodology/principal Findings: In our study, we use microscopic agglutination test (MAT) serological data from three host species [California sea lion (Zalophus californianus), island fox (Urocyon littoralis), and island spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis)] with confirmed infections to assess differences in cross-reactivity by host species and diagnostic laboratory.
Modelling the Unidentified Abortion Burden from Four Infectious Pathogenic Microorganisms (, , , and ) in Ewes Based on Artificial Neural Networks Approach: The Epidemiological Basis for a Control Policy.
Animals (Basel)
September 2023
Department of Infectology and Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de Mexico 11000, Mexico.
Unlabelled: Unidentified abortion, of which leptospirosis, brucellosis, and ovine enzootic abortion are important factors, is the main cause of disease spread between animals and humans in all agricultural systems in most developing countries. Although there are well-defined risk factors for these diseases, these characteristics do not represent the prevalence of the disease in different regions. This study predicts the unidentified abortion burden from multi-microorganisms in ewes based on an artificial neural networks approach and the GLM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFirst report of human infection with Leptospira interrogans serovar Bratislava in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo
September 2023
Giresun University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Giresun, Turkey.
Leptospirosis is one of the most common zoonotic bacterial infections worldwide. It is an infection that usually affects people with low socioeconomic status, with morbidity and mortality risk. The clinical course of the disease may range from mild, featuring nonspecific clinical signs and symptoms, to severe, resulting in death.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLeptospirosis in Ecuador: Current Status and Future Prospects.
Trop Med Infect Dis
March 2023
Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública INSPI, Quito 3961, Ecuador.
The location of Ecuador-an equatorial nation-favors the multiplication and dispersal of the genus both on the Pacific Coast and in the Amazon tropical ecoregions. Nevertheless, leptospirosis epidemiology has not been fully addressed, even though the disease has been recognized as a significant public health problem in the country. The purpose of this literature review is to update knowledge on the epidemiology and geographical distribution of spp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCLASSIFICATION AND REGRESSION TREE ANALYSIS FOR PREDICTING PROGNOSIS IN WILDLIFE REHABILITATION: A CASE STUDY OF LEPTOSPIROSIS IN CALIFORNIA SEA LIONS ().
J Zoo Wildl Med
April 2021
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
The spirochete bacterium serovar Pomona is enzootic to California sea lions (CSL; ) and causes periodic epizootics. Leptospirosis in CSL is associated with a high fatality rate in rehabilitation. Evidence-based tools for estimating prognosis and guiding early euthanasia of animals with a low probability of survival are critical to reducing the severity and duration of animal suffering.
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