276 volunteers aged 19 years and over were placed under observation in the course of the trial of oral cholera vaccine in tablets, containing choleragen toxoid, O-antigens of serovars Inaba and Ogawa and a number of Vibrio cholerae exoenzymes, for safety, reactogenic properties and immunological effectiveness. The vaccine was found to produce no reactions in a dose of 1-4 tablets; the administration of 3 tablets (300,000 binding units of the toxoid and 10,000 units of O-antigens, serovars Inaba and Ogawa) was shown to induce the most intensive synthesis of both antitoxins and vibriocidal antibodies in the blood sera of volunteers, as well as IgA coproantibodies. The oral vaccine was found to have an advantage over parenteral vaccines due to the absence of reactogenic properties and the formation of local immunity: coproantibodies appeared in 80% and 9% of the vaccinees respectively.
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Clin Exp Immunol
January 2025
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.
Oral vaccines have several advantages compared with parenteral administration: they can be relatively cheap to produce in high quantities, easier to administer, and induce intestinal mucosal immunity that can protect against infection. These characteristics have led to successful use of oral vaccines against rotavirus, polio, and cholera. Unfortunately, oral vaccines for all three diseases have demonstrated lower performance in the highest-burden settings where they are most needed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLancet Microbe
January 2025
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea; UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address:
Background: Patients with cholera have been shown to be protected against subsequent cholera for 3 years after their initial episode. We aimed to assess protection at 10 years of follow-up.
Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, cohorts of patients treated for cholera (index patients) and contemporaneously selected age-matched individuals without cholera (controls), randomly selected from the population of Matlab, Bangladesh, were assembled between 1990 and 2009 and followed for up to 10 years.
This study investigated whole-cell oral cholera vaccine (kOCV) single-dose effectiveness and transmission dynamics of through 4 years of epidemiological and genomic surveillance in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Whole genome sequencing was performed on clinical and water strains from 200 patient households and found annual bimodal peaks of clade AFR10e. 1154 diarrhea patients were enrolled with 342 culture confirmed cholera patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfect Immun
December 2024
Division of Clinical Medicine, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
infection poses a significant public health challenge in the developing world. However, lack of a widely available mouse model that replicates human shigellosis creates a major bottleneck to better understanding of disease pathogenesis and development of newer drugs and vaccines. BALB/c mice pre-treated with streptomycin and iron (FeCl) plus desferrioxamine intraperitoneally followed by oral infection with virulent resulted in diarrhea, loss of body weight, bacterial colonization and progressive colitis characterized by disruption of epithelial lining, loss of crypt architecture with goblet cell depletion, increased polymorphonuclear infiltration into the mucosa, submucosal swelling (edema), and raised proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the large intestine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Pediatric vaccine clinical trials are crucial for evaluating and ensuring the safety and efficacy of new vaccines for children. However, in low-resource settings like Nepal, where clinical trials are relatively new, recruitment and retention of participants are challenging particularly due to diverse parental backgrounds, motivations and concerns. As such, parental motivations, perceived barriers, and experiences of participating in pediatric vaccine trial in Nepal, which hasn't previously been explored, needs to be understood.
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