Objective: To explore the microRNA (miRNA) differential expression profile between nephroblastoma cell line G401 and normal embryonic kidney cell line CCC-HEK-1 so as to provide rationales for the role of miRNA in the pathogenesis of nephroblastoma.

Methods: Three samples from G401 cell line and another 3 samples from CCC-HEK-1 cell line were chosen as the experimental group and the control group respectively. miRNA profiles in these samples were analyzed by microarray. The threshold value used to screen up and down-regulated miRNAs was fold change ≥ 2 or ≤ 50.0%. And real-time PCR was used to validate the reliability of microarray.

Results: Seventy-one miRNAs were found up-regulated in the experimental group and 11 of them were more than 8 times versus control group. In addition, 59 miRNAs were found down-regulated and 11 of them were 12.5% versus control group. Overall, there were significant differences in the expression of miRNA between G401 and CCC-HEK-1 cell lines.

Conclusions: There is a differential expression of miRNA between G401 and CCC-HEK-1 cell lines. It may be related with occurrence and metastasis of nephroblastoma.

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