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Background: The full pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) vaccination is the main strategy to prevent five communicable diseases in early childhood, especially in countries with huge communicable disease burdens like Ethiopia. Exploring spatial distributions and determinants of full pentavalent vaccination status in minor ecological areas in Ethiopia is crucial for creating targeted immunization campaigns and monitoring the advancement of accomplishing sustainable development goals. This study aimed to investigate the spatial disparities and determinants of full pentavalent vaccination among 12-23-month-old children in Ethiopia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProgress in antileishmanial drugs: Mechanisms, challenges, and prospects.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis
January 2025
Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by Leishmania parasites, continues to pose global health challenges. Current treatments face issues like resistance, safety, efficacy, and cost. This review covers the discovery, mechanisms of action, clinical applications, and limitations of key antileishmanial agents: pentavalent antimonials, amphotericin B, miltefosine, paromomycin, and pentamidine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The study evaluates a new meningococcal vaccine (MenABCWY) that combines components of the existing MenB vaccine (4CMenB) and the MenACWY vaccine, aiming to provide broad immunization against various meningococcal strains and ease vaccination schedules.
- Conducted as a phase 3 randomized trial across multiple countries, healthy participants aged 10-25 were assigned to receive different vaccine schedules to assess safety, immune response, and consistency of vaccine lots.
- The trial primarily focused on the immune response to MenB strains, comparing MenABCWY's effectiveness to 4CMenB and evaluating the consistency of immune responses among different production lots of the vaccines.
Further analysis of determinants of Pentavalent and Measles immunizations dropouts among children under five years of age in Ethiopia from Mini-EDHS 2019.
BMC Health Serv Res
December 2024
School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University College of Health and Medical Science, Harar City, Ethiopia.
Background: Globally, immunization prevents an estimated 2-3 million deaths from illnesses that can be prevented by vaccination. The predictors of Pentavalent and Measles immunization dropout were not investigated sufficiently. Therefore, this analysis was meant to determine the coverage, burden, and predictors of Pentavalent and Measles immunizations in Ethiopia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFATP-binding cassette transporters and drug resistance in cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Int J Infect Dis
February 2025
Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas (LAPEC), Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM), FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Serviço de Imunologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia - Doenças Tropicais (CNPq/MCT), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Electronic address:
Leishmania spp. are intracellular protozoan parasites causative of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Recognized as a neglected tropical disease affecting millions of people around the world, this affliction represents a major public health problem.
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