The pathogenesis of CRC remains to be further understood. This study was designed to elucidate the role of Foxp3+IL-17+ T cells in the pathogenesis of CRC. Surgically removed CRC tissue was collected from 12 patients with CRC. The frequency and cytokine profile of Foxp3+IL-17+ T cells in CRC were examined by flow cytometry. Chemokine CXCL11 was examined in CRC tissue by Western blotting. Treg chemotaxis was examined in a transwell system. The effect of Foxp3+IL-17+ T cells on induction of cancer-initiating cells was examined; the latter's Akt and MAPK activities and colony formation were examined afterward. Abundant Foxp3+IL-17+ T cells were detected in CRC tissue that expresses high levels of TGF-β, CXCR3, CCR6, and RORγt. High levels of CXCL11 were detected in CRC tissue-derived CD68+ cells, which had a strong chemotactic effect on Foxp3+ Tregs. Hypoxia induced the expression of IL-17 in Foxp3+ Tregs; Foxp3+IL-17+ T cells were capable of inducing CRC-associated cell markers in BMMo and drove the cells to be cancer-initiating cells. High levels of phosphorylated Akt and MAPK were detected in the induced cancer-initiation cells; the latter has the capability to form a colony. CRC tissue-derived Foxp3+IL-17+ cells have the capacity to induce cancer-initiating cells.
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