A new fossil peronosporomycete from the upper Visean (Mississippian) of France occurs as a globose oogonium at the tip of a thin-walled hypha. The oogonium surface is prominently ornamented by densely spaced, long and subtle, straight or once to several times furcated thread-like extensions; many possess an opaque, bulb-like swelling at base. Antheridia adpressed to the oogonium are clavate and paragynous. This fossil represents only the third record of an unequivocal peronosporomycete from the Carboniferous, and thus provides important details about the evolutionary history of this group of organisms.
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The Rhynie chert.
Curr Biol
December 2019
Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Article Synopsis
- In 1912, William Mackie discovered the Rhynie chert near Aberdeen, Scotland, featuring unusual rocks with cylindrical structures that differ from local geology.
- Early studies by Robert Kidston and William Lang identified these cylindrical structures as early plant axes, revealing detailed cellular preservation.
- Over 100 years of research have shown that Rhynie is a critical site for understanding early vascular plant evolution and includes a variety of organisms, giving insight into terrestrial ecosystems over 400 million years ago.
AA16, a new lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase family identified in fungal secretomes.
Biotechnol Biofuels
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1Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, UMR1163, INRA, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
Background: Lignocellulosic biomass is considered as a promising alternative to fossil resources for the production of fuels, materials and chemicals. Efficient enzymatic systems are needed to degrade the plant cell wall and overcome its recalcitrance. A widely used producer of cellulolytic cocktails is the ascomycete , but this organism secretes a limited set of enzymes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTestate Amoebae in the 407-Million-Year-Old Rhynie Chert.
Curr Biol
February 2019
Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
The Lower Devonian Rhynie chert is justly famous for the clear glimpse it offers of early terrestrial ecosystems [1]. Seven species of stem- and crown-group vascular plants have been described from Rhynie, many preserved in growth position [2], as well as 14 species of invertebrate animals, all arthropods [3] save for a single nematode population [4]. While these shed welcome light on early tracheophytes and land animals, modern terrestrial ecosystems additionally contain a diversity of microscopic organisms that are key to ecosystem function, including fungi, protists, and bacteria.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFestablishes tissue-specific intracellular infection structures in the earliest divergent land plant lineage.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
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Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CB2 1LR Cambridge, United Kingdom
The expansion of plants onto land was a formative event that brought forth profound changes to the earth's geochemistry and biota. Filamentous eukaryotic microbes developed the ability to colonize plant tissues early during the evolution of land plants, as demonstrated by intimate, symbiosis-like associations in >400 million-year-old fossils. However, the degree to which filamentous microbes establish pathogenic interactions with early divergent land plants is unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenetic Diversity and Origins of the Homoploid-Type Hybrid Phytophthora ×alni.
Appl Environ Microbiol
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Unlabelled: Assessing the process that gives rise to hybrid pathogens is central to understanding the evolution of emerging plant diseases. Phytophthora ×alni, a pathogen of alder, results from the homoploid hybridization of two related species, Phytophthora uniformis and Phytophthora ×multiformis Describing the genetic characteristics of P ×alni should help us understand how reproductive mechanisms and historical processes shaped the population structure of this emerging hybrid pathogen. The population genetic structure of P ×alni and the relationship with its parental species were investigated using 12 microsatellites and one mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) marker on a European collection of 379 isolates.
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