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Electro-driven direct lithium extraction from geothermal brines to generate battery-grade lithium hydroxide.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA.
As Li-ion batteries are increasingly being deployed in electric vehicles and grid-level energy storage, the demand for Li is growing rapidly. Extracting lithium from alternative aqueous sources such as geothermal brines plays an important role in meeting this demand. Electrochemical intercalation emerges as a promising Li extraction technology due to its ability to offer high selectivity for Li and its avoidance of harsh chemical regenerants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActivated Graphite with Richly Oxygenated Surface from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries for Microwave Absorption.
Small
January 2025
School of Materials and Physics & Center of Mineral Resource Waste Recycling, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China.
Designing spent graphite anodes from lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for applications beyond regenerated batteries offers significant potential for promoting the recycling of spent LIBs. The battery-grade graphite, characterized by a highly graphitized structure, demonstrates excellent conductive loss capabilities, making it suitable for microwave absorption. During the Li-ion intercalation and deintercalation processes in battery operation, the surface layer of spent graphite (SG) becomes activated, forming oxygen-rich functional groups that enhance the polarization loss mechanism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEfficient and Scalable Direct Regeneration of Spent Layered Cathode Materials via Advanced Oxidation.
Adv Mater
January 2025
Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
Among direct recycling methods for spent lithium-ion batteries, solid-state regeneration is the route with minimal bottlenecks for industrial application and is highly compatible with the current industrial cathode materials production processes. However, surface structure degradation and interfacial impurities of spent cathodes significantly hinder Li replenishment during restoration. Herein, we propose a unique advanced oxidation strategy that leverages the inherent catalytic activity of spent layered cathode materials to address these challenges.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLi Quasi-Grotthuss Topochemistry Transport Enables Direct Regeneration of Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl
January 2025
School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Material and Chemistry, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
Direct regeneration of spent lithium-ion batteries offers economic benefits and a reduced CO footprint. Surface prelithiation, particularly through the molten salt method, is critical in enhancing spent cathode repair during high-temperature annealing. However, the sluggish Li transport kinetics, which predominantly relies on thermally driven processes in the traditional molten salt methods, limit the prelithiation efficiency and regeneration of spent cathodes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDesign Principles for Efficient Hydrothermal Relithiation of Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Direct regeneration, which involves replenishing lithium in spent cathode materials, is emerging as a promising recycling technique for spent lithium iron phosphate (s-LFP) cathodes. Unlike solid-state regeneration, the aqueous relithiation method consumes less energy, ensures even lithium replenishment, and significantly recovers the capacity of s-LFP. However, liquid-phase lithium replenishment formulations are generally less standardized.
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