Paediatric tuberculosis at the national teaching hospital CNHU-HKM of Cotonou, Benin: a retrospective study.

Unlabelled: BACKGROIUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is a public health problem. Knowing its patterns could help address it more efficiently.

Objective: To determine the hospital incidence, presentation, management, and outcome of TB in our setting.

Methods: We conducted a chart review of children with TB during a five-year period at the University Hospital CNHU-HKM, Cotonou, Benin.

Results: Hospital prevalence of TB among hospitalised children was 0.2%. The mean age was six years, with a male:female ratio of 1.4:1. The common clinical features were: cough (78.1%), long standing fever (81.2%), growth retardation (65.6%), pulmonary consolidation (53.1%) and hepatosplenomegaly (34.4%). The skin tuberculin test was positive in only 40.6% of cases. Co-infection with HIV was present in 51.8% of cases. Mycobacterium tuberculosis could be identified in only 21.8% of cases. Twenty-six (81.2%) pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases were diagnosed, eight (25%) of which were associated with extra pulmonary TB. Six (18.7%) presumed isolated extra PTB were also diagnosed. Eight-month treatment regimen was used in most patients, with mortality rate of 9.3%.

Conclusion: Although TB hospital prevalence seems low in our setting, management needs to be improved according to guidelines.