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Esophageal Melanocytosis.

Autops Case Rep

May 2024

All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.

Esophageal melanocytosis is a rare entity defined by the proliferation of a melanocytic basal layer of the esophageal squamous lining and deposition of melanin in the esophageal mucosa. Esophageal melanocytosis is considered a benign entity of unknown etiology; however, it has been reported as a melanoma precursor. We report a case of esophageal melanocytosis in a diabetic and hypertensive 67-year-old male with recurrent dizziness and syncope for the past 6 months.

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Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with dark spots caused by melanocytosis is very rare. A reddish and flat lesion, 4 cm in length and covering over two-thirds of the circumference, was found in the midthoracic esophagus of a 66-year-old male. Multiple brown and black spots are observed in the lesion.

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Introduction: Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus constitutes 0.1% to 0.5% of all primary malignant esophageal neoplasms.

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Article Synopsis
  • A 62-year-old man was diagnosed with right hypopharyngeal cancer in 2019 and subsequent esophageal melanosis was found during an upper GI endoscopy.
  • In February 2021, follow-up testing revealed that he had developed esophageal primary malignant melanoma, though scans showed no spread of the cancer.
  • He underwent surgery to remove the affected area and is now regularly monitored as an outpatient without any signs of recurrence, highlighting the importance of careful follow-up for esophageal melanocytosis to catch any early signs of melanoma.
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