Purpose: Haiphong is the second city of Vietnam most affected by HIV infection. Penicilliosis represents the third leading cause of opportunistic infection. However, this systemic fungal infection remains poorly knew by practitioners. This study aimed to clarify the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of penicilliosis.
Methods: It is a descriptive study, prospective and retrospective, conducted over a 3-year period in Viet Tiep hospital, Haiphong.
Results: With 94 cases, penicilliosis represented 11% of opportunistic infections. The patients were young (mean: 33 years) and male (87%). The main symptoms were persistent fever (99%), weight loss (88%), skin lesions (86%), hepatomegaly (69%) and lymphadenopathy (68%). Anemia was noted in 77% of cases. The average CD4 count was 29/μL. The culture of skin biopsies and blood culture were positive for Penicillium marneffei in 94% and 90% of cases, respectively. Despite antiretroviral and antifungal therapy, the mortality rate was 18%. Itraconazole monotherapy, administered in 53 patients due to the unavailability of amphotericin B, did not significantly affect the survival compared to the recommended treatment received by the 41 other patients.
Conclusion: In Haiphong, penicilliosis is one of the most frequent and severe opportunistic infections of AIDS. The diagnosis should be considered in all febrile and immunocompromised patients having spent time in Vietnam. The prognosis can be improved by early diagnosis through the blood culture and a good adherence to an appropriate antifungal therapy.
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