The study of mucociliary clearance included 68 patients with bronchial asthma of different severity in whom viscoelastic properties of the sputum, motor activity of ciliary epithelium, glycosaminoglycans in peripheral blood and bronchial secretion at the B9-B10 level of the bronchial tree were determined. Simultaneously, morphofunctional state of bronchial mucosa was evaluated using DNA methylation-specific PCR.
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Respir Res
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Background: Many respiratory viruses attack the airway epithelium and cause a wide spectrum of diseases for which we have limited therapies. To date, a few primary human stem cell-based models of the proximal airway have been reported for drug discovery but scaling them up to a higher throughput platform remains a significant challenge. As a result, most of the drug screening assays for respiratory viruses are performed on commercial cell line-based 2D cultures that provide limited translational ability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
December 2024
Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Introduction: Airway epithelial cells play a central role in the innate immune response to invading bacteria, yet adequate human infection models are lacking.
Methods: We utilized mucociliary-differentiated human airway organoids with direct access to the apical side of epithelial cells to model the initial phase of respiratory tract infection.
Results: Immunofluorescence of infected organoids revealed that invades the epithelial barrier and subsequently proliferates within the epithelial space.
Cells
December 2024
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) associated comorbidities account for the majority of poor health outcomes in people living with HIV (PLWH) in the era of antiretroviral therapy. Lung-related comorbidities such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bacterial pneumonia are primarily responsible for increased morbidity and mortality in PLWH, even when compensated for smoking. Smokers and COPD patients demonstrate cilia shortening, attenuated ciliary beat frequency (CBF), dysfunctional ciliated cells along with goblet cell hyperplasia, and mucus hypersecretion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Respir Rev
October 2024
Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
The advent of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy, especially the triple therapy combining the drugs elexacaftor, tezacaftor, ivacaftor (ETI), has significantly changed the course of the disease in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). ETI, which is approved for the majority (80-90%) of pwCF, partially restores CFTR channel function, resulting in improved mucociliary clearance and, consequently, improved lung function, respiratory symptoms and pulmonary exacerbations. The bacterial burden of classical CF pathogens such as and is reduced without reaching eradication in the majority of infected patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunol Allergy Clin North Am
February 2025
Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas".
The nose filters, moistens, and warms inspired air at rest and during activity. Exercise is associated with an increase in nasal airflow and a decrease in resistance to that flow. Mechanistically, changes in the nasal mucosa during exercise may increase neutrophilic infiltration, impair olfaction, and prolong mucociliary transport time.
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