Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 994
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3134
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
Purpose: To evaluate the corneal changes of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) using confocal microscopy and to investigate the association among confocal parameters and CD activity and CD treatment.
Methods: Thirty consecutive patients (age: 42 ± 12 years; 19 women and 11 men) affected by CD and 30 control eyes (age matched and gender matched) underwent an ophthalmic examination and, in 1 eye chosen at random, confocal microscopy of the central cornea using the cornea module of Heidelberg Retina Tomograph. The following confocal parameters were evaluated: density of basal epithelial cells, epithelial dendritic cells, anterior and posterior stromal keratocytes, and endothelial cells; the subbasal plexus was assessed for number and tortuosity of the nerve fibers.
Results: Routine ophthalmic evaluation was normal in the whole population. At confocal microscopy, 40% of patients with CD had hyperreflective dots in the basal epithelium, which were absent in the control group. Activation of keratocytes was found in 86.6% of patients with CD and was absent in the control group. Compared with controls, patients with CD had lower density of dendritic cells (12.2 ± 26.3 vs. 50.3 ± 37.6 cells per square millimeter; P = 0.001). The other confocal parameters were similar in the 2 groups. No correlation between CD activity index and confocal changes was found.
Conclusion: Confocal microscopy can detect subtle corneal changes in patients with CD, which may be signs of subclinical inflammation.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0b013e3181e9ac98 | DOI Listing |
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