High-dose chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell support remains a valuable treatment option for the rare patient population with relapsed Wilms' tumor. Here we report the case of a 22-year-old male patient treated with two cycles of high-dose chemotherapy at relapse after nephrectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy; the first cycle with melphalan--etoposide--carboplatin and the second with a novel preparative regimen incorporating high-dose topotecan (topotecan--cyclophosphamide--melphalan). A detailed discussion and literature review pertaining to that case is provided.
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