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Objectives: A longitudinal multi-method, multi-informant design was utilized to investigate parental expressed emotion (EE) as a predictor of depressive symptoms among adolescents with spina bifida (n=60) and a matched comparison sample (n=65).
Methods: A newly modified self-administered audiotaped interview methodology was used to assess parental warmth and criticism across the middle adolescent developmental period (ages 14-17). Parent- and youth-reports of adolescent depressive symptoms were obtained at each time point.
Results: Significant cross-sectional associations between parental EE variables and youth depressive symptoms were found for both groups. Significant longitudinal relations between maternal criticism and parent proxy-report of youth depressive symptoms were also found across 2 years for the spina bifida group and across 4 years for both groups.
Conclusions: This modified measure of parental EE can be used in future pediatric research that focuses on precursors or outcomes of this important parenting construct.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3131706 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsq084 | DOI Listing |
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