Thin nematic films deposited on liquid substrates provide a unique situation to investigate coalescence: the whole process can be followed under microscope over a wide range of times, and temperature allows us to monitor the surface viscosity of the surrounding fluid. For the first time, the complete scenario of 2D coalescence has been recorded for a given system in both inviscid limit and viscous environment, enabling us to identify the successive routes of dissipation. In particular, 2D "viscous bubbles" of the surrounding viscous fluid with a bulbous shape formed in the gap between coalescing films are observed. Available models are adapted to our specific case and account satisfactorily for the whole process.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.227801 | DOI Listing |
Nat Commun
January 2025
Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
Colonies of the social bacterium Myxococcus xanthus go through a morphological transition from a thin colony of cells to three-dimensional droplet-like fruiting bodies as a strategy to survive starvation. The biological pathways that control the decision to form a fruiting body have been studied extensively. However, the mechanical events that trigger the creation of multiple cell layers and give rise to droplet formation remain poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Opt Mater
December 2024
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK. Electronic address:
Circular dichroism mapping (CDM) method was introduced by utilizing the highly collimated light beam of synchrotron radiation (SR) available at Diamond Light Source B23 beamline for scanning the thin films of the N phase. We apply SR-CDM to two achiral dimeric materials exhibiting the N phase: symmetric DTC5C9 and dissymmetric DTC5C9CB. The SR-CDM measurements directly capture the chiral information in the local N domains, providing the ultimate complement to the theoretical predictions of the helical structures: the spontaneous symmetry breaking in N phase is ambidextrous.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
December 2024
Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Division of Engineering Materials, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Sweden.
Simultaneous rheological, polarized light imaging, and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments (Rheo-PLI-SAXS) are developed, thereby providing unprecedented level of insight into the multiscale orientation of hierarchical systems in simple shear. Notably, it is observed that mesoscale alignment in the flow direction does not develop simultaneously across nano-micro lengthscales in sheared suspensions of rod-like chiral-nematic (meso) phase forming cellulose nanocrystals. Rather, with increasing shear rate, orientation is observed first at mesoscale and then extends to the nanoscale, with influencing factors being the aggregation state of the hierarchy and concentration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTaking into account phase-polarization interactions is crucial for the formation of spatially structured laser beams. The effects that arise in this context can lead to the modulation of individual field components and the transformation of the overall light field. In this study, we investigate the impact of phase and polarization distributions with radial dependencies in polar coordinates on the longitudinal component of laser beams passing through a transmissive spatial light modulator (SLM) based on twisted nematic liquid crystals.
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